TY  - EJOU
AU  - Wu, Tsu-Yang 
AU  - Yu, Chengyuan 
AU  - Zhao, Yanan 
AU  - Kumari, Saru 
AU  - Chen, Chien-Ming 

TI  - Solving Multi-Depot Vehicle Routing Problems with Dynamic Customer Demand Using a Scheduling System TS-DPU Based on TS-ACO
T2  - Computers, Materials \& Continua

PY  - 2026
VL  - 86
IS  - 3
SN  - 1546-2226

AB  - With the increasing complexity of logistics operations, traditional static vehicle routing models are no longer sufficient. In practice, customer demands often arise dynamically, and multi-depot systems are commonly used to improve efficiency. This paper first introduces a vehicle routing problem with the goal of minimizing operating costs in a multi-depot environment with dynamic demand. New customers appear in the delivery process at any time and are periodically optimized according to time slices. Then, we propose a scheduling system TS-DPU based on an improved ant colony algorithm TS-ACO to solve this problem. The classical ant colony algorithm uses spatial distance to select nodes, while TS-ACO considers the impact of both temporal and spatial distance on node selection. Meanwhile, we adopt Cordeau’s Multi-Depot Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows (MDVRPTW) dataset to evaluate the performance of our system. According to the experimental results, TS-ACO, which considers spatial and temporal distance, is more effective than the classical ACO, which only considers spatial distance.
KW  - Dynamic vehicle routing; multiple depots; ant colony optimization; temporal-spatial distance; time slice

DO  - 10.32604/cmc.2025.069139