TY  - EJOU
AU  - Siam, Ahsan Habib 
AU  - Haque, Md. Ehsanul 
AU  - Farid, Fahmid Al 
AU  - Sutradhar, Anindita 
AU  - Uddin, Jia 
AU  - Mansor, Sarina 

TI  - A Blockchain-Based Hybrid Framework for Secure and Scalable Electronic Health Record Management in In-Patient Follow-Up Tracking
T2  - Computers, Materials \& Continua

PY  - 2026
VL  - 86
IS  - 3
SN  - 1546-2226

AB  - As healthcare systems increasingly embrace digitalization, effective management of electronic health records (EHRs) has emerged as a critical priority, particularly in inpatient settings where data sensitivity and real-time access are paramount. Traditional EHR systems face significant challenges, including unauthorized access, data breaches, and inefficiencies in tracking follow-up appointments, which heighten the risk of misdiagnosis and medication errors. To address these issues, this research proposes a hybrid blockchain-based solution for securely managing EHRs, specifically designed as a framework for tracking inpatient follow-ups. By integrating QR code-enabled data access with a blockchain architecture, this innovative approach enhances privacy protection, data integrity, and auditing capabilities, while facilitating swift and real-time data retrieval. The architecture adheres to Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) principles and utilizes robust encryption techniques, including SHA-256 and AES-256-CBC, to secure sensitive information. A comprehensive threat model outlines trust boundaries and potential adversaries, complemented by a validated data transmission protocol. Experimental results demonstrate that the framework remains reliable in concurrent access scenarios, highlighting its efficiency and responsiveness in real-world applications. This study emphasizes the necessity for hybrid solutions in managing sensitive medical information and advocates for integrating blockchain technology and QR code innovations into contemporary healthcare systems.
KW  - Electronic health records; blockchain; data security; user access control; QR code; blockchain in healthcare; medical data privacy

DO  - 10.32604/cmc.2025.069718