TY  - EJOU
AU  - Sidaq, Hafsa 
AU  - Wang, Lei 
AU  - Guizani, Sghaier 
AU  - Haider, Hussain 
AU  - Rehman, Ateeq Ur 
AU  - Hamam, Habib 

TI  - VMFD: Virtual Meetings Fatigue Detector Using Eye Polygon Area and Dlib Shape Indicator
T2  - Computers, Materials \& Continua

PY  - 2026
VL  - 86
IS  - 3
SN  - 1546-2226

AB  - Numerous sectors, such as education, the IT sector, and corporate organizations, transitioned to virtual meetings after the COVID-19 crisis. Organizations now seek to assess participants’ fatigue levels in online meetings to remain competitive. Instructors cannot effectively monitor every individual in a virtual environment, which raises significant concerns about participant fatigue. Our proposed system monitors fatigue, identifying attentive and drowsy individuals throughout the online session. We leverage Dlib’s pre-trained facial landmark detector and focus on the eye landmarks only, offering a more detailed analysis for predicting eye opening and closing of the eyes, rather than focusing on the entire face. We introduce an Eye Polygon Area (EPA) formula, which computes eye activity from Dlib eye landmarks by measuring the polygonal area of the eye opening. Unlike the Eye Aspect Ratio (EAR), which relies on a single distance ratio, EPA adapts to different eye shapes (round, narrow, or wide), providing a more reliable measure for fatigue detection. The VMFD system issues a warning if a participant remains in a fatigued condition for 36 consecutive frames. The proposed technology is tested under multiple scenarios, including low- to high-lighting conditions (50–1400 lux) and both with and without glasses. This study builds an OpenCV application in Python, evaluated using the iBUG 300-W dataset, achieving 97.5% accuracy in detecting active participants. We compare VMFD with conventional methods relying on the EAR and show that the EPA technique performs significantly better.
KW  - Fatigue detector; human-computer interaction (HCI); eye blink; active and inactive behavior; online meeting; automatic fatigue alert

DO  - 10.32604/cmc.2025.071254