TY  - EJOU
AU  - Abosaq, Hamad Ali 
AU  - Alqahtani, Jarallah 
AU  - Masood, Fahad 
AU  - Mazroa, Alanoud Al 
AU  - Khan, Muhammad Asad 
AU  - Haque, Akm Bahalul 

TI  - Mobility-Aware Federated Learning for Energy and Threat Optimization in Intelligent Transportation Systems
T2  - Computers, Materials \& Continua

PY  - 2026
VL  - 87
IS  - 2
SN  - 1546-2226

AB  - The technological advancement of the vehicular Internet of Things (IoT) has revolutionized Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) into next-generation ITS. The connectivity of IoT nodes enables improved data availability and facilitates automatic control in the ITS environment. The exponential increase in IoT nodes has significantly increased the demand for an energy-efficient, mobility-aware, and secure system for distributed intelligence. This article presents a mobility-aware Deep Reinforcement Learning based Federated Learning (DRL-FL) approach to design an energy-efficient and threat-resilient ITS. In this approach, a Policy Proximal Optimization (PPO)-based DRL agent is first employed for adaptive client selection. Second, an autoencoder-based anomaly detection module is considered for malicious node detection. Results reveal that the proposed framework achieved an 8% higher accuracy increase, and 15% lower energy consumption. The model also demonstrates greater resilience under adversarial conditions compared to the state of the art in federated learning. The adaptability of the proposed approach makes it a compelling choice for next-generation vehicular networks.
KW  - Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS); energy efficiency; mobility management; federated learning; deep reinforcement learning

DO  - 10.32604/cmc.2026.075250