TY  - EJOU
AU  - Zhang, Peiying 
AU  - Yu, Yihong 
AU  - Luo, Jia 
AU  - Ba, Nguyen Gia 
AU  - Tan, Lizhuang 
AU  - Shi, Lei 

TI  - Optimizing Routing Algorithms for Next-Generation Networks: A Resilience-Driven Framework for Space-Air-Ground Integrated Networks
T2  - Computers, Materials \& Continua

PY  - 2026
VL  - 87
IS  - 2
SN  - 1546-2226

AB  - Next-Generation Networks (NGNs) demand high resilience, dynamic adaptability, and efficient resource utilization to enable ubiquitous connectivity. In this context, the Space-Air-Ground Integrated Network (SAGIN) architecture is uniquely positioned to meet these requirements. However, conventional NGN routing algorithms often fail to account for SAGIN’s intrinsic characteristics, such as its heterogeneous structure, dynamic topology, and constrained resources, leading to suboptimal performance under disruptions such as node failures or cyberattacks. To meet these demands for SAGIN, this study proposes a resilience-oriented routing optimization framework featuring dynamic weighting and multi-objective evaluation. Methodologically, we define three core routing performance metrics, quantified through a four-dimensional model, encompassing robustness <mml:math id="mml-ieqn-1"><mml:msub><mml:mi>R</mml:mi><mml:mi>d</mml:mi></mml:msub></mml:math>, resilience <mml:math id="mml-ieqn-2"><mml:msub><mml:mi>R</mml:mi><mml:mi>r</mml:mi></mml:msub></mml:math>, adaptability <mml:math id="mml-ieqn-3"><mml:msub><mml:mi>R</mml:mi><mml:mi>a</mml:mi></mml:msub></mml:math>, and resource utilization efficiency <mml:math id="mml-ieqn-4"><mml:msub><mml:mi>R</mml:mi><mml:mi>u</mml:mi></mml:msub></mml:math>, and integrate them into a comprehensive evaluation metric. In simulated SAGIN environments, the proposed Multi-Indicator Weighted Resilience Evaluation Algorithm (MIW-REA) demonstrates significant improvements in resilience enhancement, recovery acceleration, and resource optimization. It maintains 82.3% service availability even with a 30% node failure rate, reduces Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attack recovery time by 43%, decreases bandwidth waste by 23.4%, and lowers energy consumption by 18.9%. By addressing challenges unique to the SAGIN network, this research provides a flexible real-time solution for NGN routing optimization that balances resilience, efficiency, and adaptability, advancing the field.
KW  - Space-air-ground integrated network; next-generation networks; routing optimization; resilience-driven routing; dynamic weighting; multi-metric assessment

DO  - 10.32604/cmc.2026.076690