TY  - EJOU
AU  - Wang, Jie 
AU  - Lei, Deming 

TI  - An Adaptive Imperialist Competitive Algorithm with Cooperation for Flexible Jobshop and Parallel Batch Processing Machine Scheduling
T2  - Computers, Materials \& Continua

PY  - 2026
VL  - 87
IS  - 3
SN  - 1546-2226

AB  - Both flexible jobshop scheduling and parallel batch processing machine scheduling have been extensively considered; however, the flexible jobshop and parallel batch processing machine scheduling problem (FJPBPMSP) is prevalent in real-life manufacturing processes and is seldom investigated. In this study, FJPBPMSP is examined, where flexible processing and batch processing are performed sequentially. An adaptive imperialist competitive algorithm with cooperation (CAICA) is proposed to minimize makespan and total energy consumption simultaneously. In CAICA, a four-string representation is adopted, and initial empires with novel structures are formed by uniformly dividing the population. An adaptive assimilation and revolution are designed. An adaptive assimilation and revolution are designed. An adaptive imperialist competition with cooperation is provided. Search strategies, imperialists, and colonies are also renewed by new procedures. Computational experiments are conducted on 50 instances. The computational results show that the new strategies of CAICA are effective, and CAICA can provide better results than its comparative algorithms in solving FJPBPMSP.
KW  - Flexible jobshop scheduling; parallel batch processing scheduling; imperialist competition algorithm; cooperation

DO  - 10.32604/cmc.2026.076202