@Article{ee.2022.022867,
AUTHOR = {Lihu Cao, Jinsheng Sun, Bo Zhang, Nu Lu, Yuqiang Xu},
TITLE = {Analysis of Multiple Annular Pressure in Gas Storage Well and High-Pressure Gas Well},
JOURNAL = {Energy Engineering},
VOLUME = {120},
YEAR = {2023},
NUMBER = {1},
PAGES = {35--48},
URL = {http://www.techscience.com/energy/v120n1/50131},
ISSN = {1546-0118},
ABSTRACT = {In gas storage or high-pressure gas wells, annular pressure is an unavoidable threat to safe, long-term resource
production. The more complex situation, however, is multiple annular pressure, which means annular pressure
happens in not only one annulus but two or more. Such a situation brings serious challenges to the identification of
well integrity. However, few researches analyze the phenomenon of multiple annular pressure. Therefore, this paper
studies the mechanism of multi-annular pressure to provide a foundation for its prevention and diagnosis. Firstly,
the multi-annular pressure is classified according to the mechanism and field data. Then the failure mechanism and
function of the wellbore safety barriers in the process of passage formation are analyzed. Finally, some suggestions
are put forward for identifying and controlling multi-annular pressure. The results show that gas storage wells and
high-pressure gas wells have the conditions to generate pressure channels, which leads to the expansion of annular
pressure from a single annulus to multiple annuli. The pressure channel is composed of the tubing string, casing
string, and a cement mantle, and the failures among the three have causal and hierarchical relationships. According
to the channel direction, it can be divided into two types: tubing-casing annulus to casing annulus and casing
annulus to the tubing-casing annulus, of which the former is more harmful. Some measures can be considered to
prevent pressure channeling, including improvement of cementing quality, revision of maximum allowable annular
pressure, and suitable frequency of pressure relief.},
DOI = {10.32604/ee.2022.022867}
}