TY  - EJOU
AU  - Liu, Min 
AU  - Wu, Qiliang 
AU  - Li, Zhixin 
AU  - Zhao, Bo 
AU  - Zhang, Leiqi 
AU  - Li, Junhui 
AU  - Zhu, Xingxu 

TI  - Online Optimization to Suppress the Grid-Injected Power Deviation of Wind Farms with Battery-Hydrogen Hybrid Energy Storage Systems
T2  - Energy Engineering

PY  - 2025
VL  - 122
IS  - 4
SN  - 1546-0118

AB  - To address the issue of coordinated control of multiple hydrogen and battery storage units to suppress the grid-injected power deviation of wind farms, an online optimization strategy for Battery-hydrogen hybrid energy storage systems based on measurement feedback is proposed. First, considering the high charge/discharge losses of hydrogen storage and the low energy density of battery storage, an operational optimization objective is established to enable adaptive energy adjustment in the Battery-hydrogen hybrid energy storage system. Next, an online optimization model minimizing the operational cost of the hybrid system is constructed to suppress grid-injected power deviations with satisfying the operational constraints of hydrogen storage and batteries. Finally, utilizing the online measurement of the energy states of hydrogen storage and batteries, an online optimization strategy based on measurement feedback is designed. Case study results show: before and after smoothing the fluctuations in wind power, the time when the power exceeded the upper and lower limits of the grid-injected power accounted for 24.1% and 1.45% of the total time, respectively, the proposed strategy can effectively keep the grid-injected power deviations of wind farms within the allowable range. Hydrogen storage and batteries respectively undertake long-term and short-term charge/discharge tasks, effectively reducing charge/discharge losses of the Battery-hydrogen hybrid energy storage systems and improving its operational efficiency.
KW  - Battery-hydrogen hybrid energy storage systems; grid-injected power deviations; measurement feedback; online optimization; energy states

DO  - 10.32604/ee.2025.060256