@Article{ee.2025.062844,
AUTHOR = {Haitao Wang, Pengxin Zhang, Weihao Li, Baogang Li, Xianghui Xiong},
TITLE = {Characterizing and Stage-Wise Differentiation of Coal Spontaneous Combustion in Deep Mines},
JOURNAL = {Energy Engineering},
VOLUME = {122},
YEAR = {2025},
NUMBER = {4},
PAGES = {1561--1580},
URL = {http://www.techscience.com/energy/v122n4/60194},
ISSN = {1546-0118},
ABSTRACT = {Deep mining, characterized by high stress, elevated geothermal gradients, and significant moisture content, significantly increases the risk of Coal Spontaneous Combustion (CSC), posing a major threat to mine safety. This study delves into the impact of these factors on the self-ignition properties of coal, leveraging data from four distinct mines in Heilongjiang Province, China: Shuangyashan Dongrong No. 2 Mine, Hegang Junde Coal Mine, Qitaihe Longhu Coal Mine, and Jixi Ronghua No. 1 Mine. We have honed the theoretical framework to account for variations in gas content during CSC. Our investigation, conducted through programmed temperature rise experiments, scrutinized the generation and temperature-dependent evolution of gases, emphasizing individual indicators such as CO, O<sub>2</sub>, and C<sub>x</sub>H<sub>y</sub>, in addition to composite indicators like the ratio of change in CO to change in O<sub>2</sub> concentration (:) and the ratio of C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub> to C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub>. These insights have catalyzed the development of a CSC state energy level transition model and a precise method for phase-based quantification of combustion progression. Our findings furnish a scientific foundation for the formulation of early warning and prevention strategies in deep mining settings.},
DOI = {10.32604/ee.2025.062844}
}