TY  - EJOU
AU  - Pang, Jingshuai 
AU  - Wang, Songcen 
AU  - Chen, Hongyin 
AU  - Jia, Xiaoqiang 
AU  - Guo, Yi 
AU  - Cheng, Ling 
AU  - Zhang, Xinhe 
AU  - Li, Jianfeng 

TI  - Optimal Allocation of Multiple Energy Storage Capacity in Industrial Park Considering Demand Response and Laddered Carbon Trading
T2  - Energy Engineering

PY  - 2026
VL  - 123
IS  - 1
SN  - 1546-0118

AB  - To achieve the goals of sustainable development of the energy system and the construction of a low-carbon society, this study proposes a multi-energy storage collaborative optimization strategy for industrial park that integrates the laddered carbon trading mechanism with demand response. Firstly, a dual dimensional DR model is constructed based on the characteristics of load elasticity. The alternative DR enables flexible substitution of energy loads through complementary conversion of electricity/heat/cold multi-energy sources, while the price DR relies on time-of-use electricity price signals to guide load spatiotemporal migration; Secondly, the LCT mechanism is introduced to achieve optimal carbon emission costs through a tiered carbon quota allocation mechanism. On this basis, an optimization decision model is established with the core objective of maximizing the annual net profit of the park. The objective function takes into account energy sales revenue, generator unit costs, and investment and operation costs of multiple types of energy storage facilities. The model constraint system covers three key dimensions: dynamic operation constraints of power generation units, including unit output limits, ramping capability, and minimum start-stop time; the physical boundary of an electric/hot/cold multi-energy storage system involves energy storage capacity and charge/discharge efficiency; The multi-energy network coupling balance equation ensures that the energy conversion and transmission process satisfies the law of conservation of energy. Using CPLEX mathematical programming solver for simulation verification, construct an energy storage capacity configuration decision process that includes LCT-DR synergistic effect. The research results show that compared with the traditional single energy storage configuration mode, this strategy effectively enhances the economic feasibility and engineering practicality of industrial park operation by coordinating demand side resource scheduling and finely controlling carbon costs, while maintaining stable system operation. Its methodological framework provides a technical path that combines theoretical rigor and practical operability for the low-carbon transformation of regional integrated energy systems.
KW  - Demand response; laddered carbon trading; combined cooling; heating and power supply; capacity configuration

DO  - 10.32604/ee.2025.070256