@Article{ee.2025.073940,
AUTHOR = {Seenaa Khudhayer Salman, Shaymaa Husham Abdulmalek, Ali Ahmed Gitan, Thamer Khalif Salem, Raaid Rashad Jassem Al-Doury},
TITLE = {Analysis of Geometrical Arrangement and Packing Material on Heat Generation in Lithium-Ion Battery Banks},
JOURNAL = {Energy Engineering},
VOLUME = {123},
YEAR = {2026},
NUMBER = {2},
PAGES = {--},
URL = {http://www.techscience.com/energy/v123n2/65674},
ISSN = {1546-0118},
ABSTRACT = {Operating Lithium-ion batteries at their temperature limits is a challenging design task due to explosion risk at high temperatures and rapid degradation at low temperatures. Depending on the battery package design, those risks can be solved with passive solutions, which require no active cooling or heating. The current work aims to optimize the pack design and materials of the type-NCR18650B battery based on a wide range of operation temperature. The lower limit was denoted by cold case while the maximum limit was expressed by hot case. A combined analytical-numerical approach was developed to model the heat generation inside the battery. A thermal resistance analysis was used to determine the boundary conditions of the numerical model. The governing differential equations for the 1-D heat generation model were solved analytically. The numerical analysis was considered to determine the best battery pack design based on material parameters, number of batteries, and geometrical arrangement. The analytical results revealed that the cold case can be selected as the worst case and the best model was obtained using the hexagonal-shaped 10-battery pack that was covered with Delrin of 1.8 mm in thickness. The numerical results showed that the best model was the hexagonal-shaped 10-battery pack with Delrin of 2 mm in thickness that achieved the largest temperature of −20.6°C in the cold case.},
DOI = {10.32604/ee.2025.073940}
}