TY  - EJOU
AU  - Bibi, Sehrish 
AU  - Minutolo, Vincenzo 
AU  - Mehmood, Obaid Ullah 
AU  - Zona, Renato 

TI  - Comparative Analysis of Nano-Blood Flow in Mild to Severe Multiple Constricted Curved Arteries
T2  - Fluid Dynamics \& Materials Processing

PY  - 2025
VL  - 21
IS  - 10
SN  - 1555-2578

AB  - Arterial stenosis is a critical condition with increasing prevalence among pediatric patients and young adults, making its investigation highly significant. Despite extensive studies on blood flow dynamics, limited research addresses the combined effects of nanoparticles and arterial curvature on unsteady pulsatile flow through multiple stenoses. This study aims to analyze the influence of nanoparticles on blood flow characteristics in realistic curved arteries with mild to severe overlapped constrictions. Using curvilinear coordinates, the thermal energy and momentum equations for nanoparticle-laden blood were derived, and numerical results were obtained through an explicit finite difference method. Key findings reveal that nanoparticle injections reduce blood temperature intensity, while arterial curvature strongly affects flow symmetry. Moreover, temperature, axial velocity, wall shear stress, and volumetric flow rate decrease significantly in severe stenosis compared to mild and moderate cases. These results provide new insights into nanoparticle-assisted blood flow under complex stenotic conditions and may contribute to improved diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for cardiovascular diseases.
KW  - Blood flow; multiple overlapped stenosis; mild and severe stenosis; nanoparticles; explicit finite difference scheme; curved artery

DO  - 10.32604/fdmp.2025.072470