TY  - EJOU
AU  - Dou, Yang 
AU  - Qin, Hao 
AU  - Zhang, Yuzhi 
AU  - Wang, Ning 
AU  - Liu, Haiqing 
AU  - Yang, Wanli 

TI  - Numerical Investigation of Load Generation in U-Shaped Aqueducts under Lateral Excitation: Part I—First-Order Resonant Sloshing
T2  - Fluid Dynamics \& Materials Processing

PY  - 2025
VL  - 21
IS  - 11
SN  - 1555-2578

AB  - In recent years, tuned liquid dampers (TLDs) have attracted significant research interest; however, overall progress has been limited due to insufficient understanding of the mechanisms governing sloshing-induced loads. In particular, it remains unclear whether the water in aqueducts—common water-diversion structures in many countries—can serve as an effective TLD. This study investigates the generation mechanisms of sloshing loads during the first-order transverse resonance of water in a U-shaped aqueduct using a two-dimensional (2D) numerical model. The results reveal that, at the equilibrium position, the free surface difference between the left and right walls, the horizontal force on the aqueduct, and the fluctuating component of the vertical force all reach their maxima, with energy predominantly stored as potential energy. At the maximum displacement position, the surface difference and horizontal force drop to zero, while the fluctuating vertical force attains its minimum and energy shifts primarily to kinetic form. At this stage, static pressure is governed solely by the vertical convective acceleration, whereas at equilibrium it is closely linked to both the free surface difference and vertical local acceleration of the water. This dynamic energy exchange generates vertical force oscillations even when the free surface appears nearly symmetric.
KW  - U-shaped aqueduct; liquid sloshing; Euler equations; generation mechanism; free surface fluctuations; fluid-structure interaction

DO  - 10.32604/fdmp.2025.069719