@Article{fdmp.2025.073836,
AUTHOR = {Fengxia Shi, Jian Zhao, Xiaodong Dai, Guoxin Zhang, Yuan Lu, Yuyan Shang},
TITLE = {Structural Optimization of Nozzles for Gas-Liquid Two-Phase Jets},
JOURNAL = {Fluid Dynamics \& Materials Processing},
VOLUME = {21},
YEAR = {2025},
NUMBER = {12},
PAGES = {2963--2980},
URL = {http://www.techscience.com/fdmp/v21n12/65325},
ISSN = {1555-2578},
ABSTRACT = {Gas–liquid two-phase jets exhibit markedly enhanced impact performance due to the violent collapse of entrained bubbles, which generates transient microjets and shock waves. The geometry of the nozzle is a decisive factor in controlling jet formation, flow modulation, and impact efficiency. In this work, the structural optimization of gas–liquid two-phase nozzles was investigated numerically using the Volume of Fluid (VOF). Simulation results show that the aero-shaped nozzle delivers a significantly stronger impact on the target surface than conventional geometries. Specifically, its impact pressure is 21% higher than that of a conical straight nozzle and 37% higher than that of a conical nozzle. The aero nozzle not only increases peak impact pressure but also sustains it over a longer duration, leading to an overall improvement in energy transfer efficiency. Parametric analyses further reveal the key geometric conditions governing performance. When the nozzle curvature is set to 0.01, the jet achieves a higher and more stable surface pressure profile, maintaining elevated impact for a prolonged period. At an aspect ratio of 15, the jet exhibits pronounced pulsation under high pressure, thereby enhancing impact intensity. The contraction ratio exerts a non-monotonic influence: as it increases, impact pressure initially rises and subsequently declines, with an optimal value of 4 yielding the highest and most persistent impact pressure. Likewise, when the ratio of inlet length to outlet diameter is 2.5, the jet demonstrates the strongest impact on the target surface.},
DOI = {10.32604/fdmp.2025.073836}
}