TY  - EJOU
AU  - Wang, Fei 
AU  - Liu, Jiaxin 
AU  - Liu, Jiang 
AU  - Niu, Yongkang 
AU  - Zhang, Xilong 

TI  - Lithium-Ion Thermal Management Structure Based on Phase Change, Liquid and Heat Sink Cooling
T2  - Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer

PY  - 
VL  - 
IS  - 
SN  - 2151-8629

AB  - This paper focuses on the 21700 lithium-ion battery and addresses the heat dissipation requirements under a 3C high-rate discharge condition. Using numerical simulation methods, the thermal characteristics of the battery are systematically studied, and a multi-layer coupled thermal management system integrating honeycomb heat sink conduction, honeycomb channel liquid cooling, and phase change material (PCM) heat storage is designed and optimized. The research methodology adopts a stepwise multi-parameter optimization approach, progressing from a single cell to a complete system and from the inner layer to the outer layer. Based on the above experiments, the relevant thermophysical parameters of the test battery are obtained, and a high-precision thermal simulation model for a single cell is established. By comparing the simulated surface temperature rise of the battery under 1C–3C discharge with experimental data, it is found that the error between simulation and experiment is less than 4.55%, indicating that this simulation method is reliable and efficient. Subsequently, a battery–heat sink–channel–PCM multi-layer composite thermal management structure is proposed. Following a stepwise research approach from the inside out, the key parameters of the single-cell thermal management system are determined. The cooling effect is optimal when the honeycomb heat sink thickness is 2 mm, a counter-flow channel structure is adopted, and the channel inner diameter is 1.6 mm. The optimized composite system reduces the maximum battery temperature from 54.26°C to 39.85°C, and the temperature difference is reduced to 3.39°C.
KW  - 21700 lithium-ion battery; battery thermal management; coupled thermal management system; phase change cooling

DO  - 10.32604/fhmt.2026.083399