@Article{fhmt.2026.086335,
AUTHOR = {Fatima Naji Hadi, Saif W. Mohammed Ali},
TITLE = {Advances in Thermoelectric Cooling Applications: A Review},
JOURNAL = {Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer},
VOLUME = {},
YEAR = {},
NUMBER = {},
PAGES = {{pages}},
URL = {http://www.techscience.com/fhmt/online/detail/28138},
ISSN = {2151-8629},
ABSTRACT = {Recently, the thermoelectric cooler (TEC) has become popular as a technology that can provide cooling in a solid state because of its small size, high temperature control accuracy, silent operation, and environmental friendliness. Since the technology does not involve any refrigerants and moving components, it is appropriate for reliable localized cooling compared to vapor compression systems. Nevertheless, there are certain disadvantages associated with low efficiency and poor heat dissipation. This paper is dedicated to the review of recent developments in TEC technology, which concentrates mainly on aspects of performance and design determined by the application. The review will be organized depending on different application areas, such as space cooling of various scales (including automotive systems), combined vapor compression refrigeration, and enclosed cavities. Moreover, new applications of TEC in the field of wearable cooling and clothing thermal management, along with aerospace, microchip cooling in electronics, and battery thermal management, will be reviewed.},
DOI = {10.32604/fhmt.2026.086335}
}