@Article{hmt.12.2,
AUTHOR = {Hasan Sh. Majdi
, Ammar Abdulkadhim
, Azher M. Abed},
TITLE = {NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION OF NATURAL CONVECTION HEAT  TRANSFER IN A PARALLELOGRAMIC ENCLOSURE HAVING AN  INNER CIRCULAR CYLINDER USING LIQUID NANOFLUID},
JOURNAL = {Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer},
VOLUME = {12},
YEAR = {2019},
NUMBER = {1},
PAGES = {1--14},
URL = {http://www.techscience.com/fhmt/v12n1/53171},
ISSN = {2151-8629},
ABSTRACT = {Fluid flow and natural convection heat transfer in a parallelogram enclosure with an inner circular cylinder using Cu-water nanofluid are studied
numerically. Dimensionless Navier-Stokes and energy equations are solved numerically using finite element method based two-dimensional flow and 
steady-state conditions. This study evaluates the effect of different concentrations of Cu-water nanofluids (0% to 6%) with different Rayleigh 
numbers 10<sup>3</sup> ≤ Ra ≤ 10<sup>6</sup> under isotherm wall temperatures. The effects of geometrical parameters of the parallelogram enclosure (inclination angle in 
range of 0 ≤ α ≤ 30 and location of inner circular cylinder -0.2 ≤ H ≤ +0.2 on the flow field and heat transfer are examined. The results are 
presented in terms of streamlines, isotherms, local and average Nusselt number. It is found that the inclination angle has a significant effect on flow 
pattern and heat transfer and the inclination angle of 30o at a vertical location H=-0.2 gives better fluid flow strength. Moreover, the maximum heat 
transfer enhancement is obtained when the circular cylinder moves vertically downward up to H=-0.1 and the inclination angle is 30o
. The results 
also indicate that as the Rayleigh number, nanofluid concentration increase, the rate of heat transfer will increase.},
DOI = {10.5098/hmt.12.2}
}