@Article{icces.2023.09976,
AUTHOR = {Zhaolin Chen, Xiaohui Wei, Tianhang Xiao, Ning Qin},
TITLE = {Understanding of Airfoil Characteristics at High Mach-Low Reynolds  Numbers},
JOURNAL = {The International Conference on Computational \& Experimental Engineering and Sciences},
VOLUME = {25},
YEAR = {2023},
NUMBER = {2},
PAGES = {1--1},
URL = {http://www.techscience.com/icces/v25n2/53833},
ISSN = {1933-2815},
ABSTRACT = {A computational study has been conducted on various airfoils to simulate flows at low Reynolds numbers 
17,000 and 21,000 with Mach number changes from 0.25 to 0.85 to provide understanding and guidance for 
Mars rotory wing designs. The computational fluid dynamics tool used in this study is a Reynolds-averaged 
Navier–Stokes solver with a transition model (k-ω SST γ-Reθ). The airfoils investigated in this study include 
NACA airfoils (4, 5, and 6% camber), UltraThin airfoils, and thin cambered plates (3% camber, but various 
maximum camber locations). Airfoils were examined for lift and drag performance as well as surface 
pressure and flow field characteristics. The influence of Reynolds and Mach number effects on the flow past 
airfoils was analyzed and significant impact on flow separation and subsequent wake patterns was 
demonstrated. In general, the Mach number shows a significant impact on the flow past airfoils, including of 
flow separation, trailing-edge wake patterns, and shock wave types. A stretched trailing-edge separation 
pattern is clearly observed from NACA and Ultra-thin airfoils. In addition, NACA airfoil shows a trailing edge 
separation, and a shock wave starts to appear at moderate to high incidences. By contrast, UT airfoil shows 
a leading-edge separation as incidence increases. As angles of attack rise at moderate, an “A-type” shock 
appears on the up-airfoil’s surface, which alters the response of the outer flow pressure to displacement 
surface perturbations, including the influence on the growth, curvature, and even unsteadiness of the 
separated shear layer.},
DOI = {10.32604/icces.2023.09976}
}