@Article{icces.2023.09774,
AUTHOR = {Yongtong Zheng
, Yijun Liu, Xiaowei Gao},
TITLE = {High-Precision Isoparametric Hole, Ring, Tube, Disk, Sphere Boundary  Element and Their Applications in Mechanics Analysis},
JOURNAL = {The International Conference on Computational \& Experimental Engineering and Sciences},
VOLUME = {27},
YEAR = {2023},
NUMBER = {3},
PAGES = {1--1},
URL = {http://www.techscience.com/icces/v27n3/55172},
ISSN = {1933-2815},
ABSTRACT = {Recently, a series of isoparametric boundary elements have been constructed to simulate the shape of holes, 
tubes, disks, rings and spheres based on the Lagrange interpolation formulation and the closure condition 
at two ends of an arc. These elements can simulate the models which contain the shapes mentioned above 
with less nodes and less elements than the conventional boundary elements. However, the basis of those 
elements, i.e., hole elements, have the poor accuracy when the number of nodes is less than 6. To improve 
these elements, two kinds of improvements are proposed in this study. The first one let more nodes be 
auxiliary nodes repeatedly, based on a higher order one dimensional Lagrange element. The second one let 
trigonometric functions be the basis of shape function to substitute the basis of Lagrange interpolation. Two 
kinds of hole elements and their derived tube, disk, ring and sphere element are used to simulate the 
structures containing holes, cylinders, and spheres, such as fiber reinforced composites and particle 
reinforced composites etc. Through those simulation, it can be found that two kinds of newly proposed hole 
elements and their derived elements both perform very well in the discretization of the geometry and the 
interpolation of physical quantities. When simulating the circle or sphere, the second method is better. When 
simulating the ellipsoids, the first method is better.},
DOI = {10.32604/icces.2023.09774}
}