@Article{icces.2008.005.187,
AUTHOR = {G.M.  Kulikov, E.  Carrera, S.V.  Plotnikova, S.  Brischetto},
TITLE = {Geometrically Exact Assumed Stress-Strain Four-Node Element Based on the 9-Parameter Shell Model},
JOURNAL = {The International Conference on Computational \& Experimental Engineering and Sciences},
VOLUME = {5},
YEAR = {2008},
NUMBER = {3},
PAGES = {187--192},
URL = {http://www.techscience.com/icces/v5n3/32270},
ISSN = {1933-2815},
ABSTRACT = {This paper presents the geometrically exact assumed stress-strain four-node element with nine displacement degrees of freedom per node. The finite element formulation developed is based on the 9-parameter shell model by employing a new concept of interpolation surfaces (I-surfaces) inside the shell body. We introduce three I-surfaces and choose nine displacements of these surfaces as fundamental shell unknowns. Such choice allows us to represent the higher-order shell formulation in a very compact form and to derive in curvilinear reference surface coordinates the strain-displacement relationships, which are objective, i.e. invariant under all rigid-body motions.},
DOI = {10.3970/icces.2008.005.187}
}