@Article{jpm.2024.057957,
AUTHOR = {Manting Song, Changchen Gong, Ximei Liu},
TITLE = {3D Printed PEDOT:PSS Flexible Electrochromic Devices for Patterned Displays},
JOURNAL = {Journal of Polymer Materials},
VOLUME = {42},
YEAR = {2025},
NUMBER = {1},
PAGES = {111--123},
URL = {http://www.techscience.com/jpm/v42n1/60165},
ISSN = {0976-3449},
ABSTRACT = {Flexible electrochromic devices (FECDs) demonstrate significant potential for applications in wearable electronics, military camouflage, and flexible smart displays. As a crucial electrochromic material, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) is widely used in FECDs due to its excellent mechanical flexibility, tunable conductivity, and non-toxicity. However, the manufacturing process for patterned PEDOT:PSS electrochromic devices remains intricate, costly, and challenging to personalize. To address this challenge, we have developed a 3D-printable ink with controllable rheological properties through a concentration-tuning strategy, enabling programmable, patterned printing of PEDOT-based conductive polymer electrochromic layers. The 3D-printed FECDs exhibit outstanding electrochromic performance, including a high optical contrast (up to 47.9% at 635 nm), fast response times (t<sub>c</sub> = 1.6 s; t<sub>b</sub> = 0.6 s), high coloration efficiency (352 cm<sup>2</sup> C<sup>−1</sup>), and good cycling stability (with only a 9.3% decrease in optical contrast after 100 electrochemical cycles). Finally, we utilize 3D printing technology to construct flexible, patterned PEDOT:PSS electrochromic devices with bespoke butterfly designs. This work establishes the theoretical foundation for the application of 3D printing technology in PEDOT:PSS flexible electrochromic devices.},
DOI = {10.32604/jpm.2024.057957}
}