TY  - EJOU
AU  - Wang, Du-Yi 
AU  - Shi, h-Chen 
AU  - Rahmadiawan, Dieter 

TI  - Tailoring Tribological Behavior of PMMA Using Multi-Component Nanofillers: Insights into Friction, Wear, and Third-Body Flow Dynamics
T2  - Journal of Polymer Materials

PY  - 2025
VL  - 42
IS  - 4
SN  - 0976-3449

AB  - Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) is widely used in diverse applications such as protective components (e.g., automotive lamp covers and structural casings), optical devices, and biomedical products, owing to its lightweight nature and impact resistance. However, its surface hardness and wear resistance remain insufficient under prolonged exposure to abrasive environments. In this study, a multi-filler strategy with nano-silica (SiO<sub>2</sub>), brominated lignin (Br-Lignin), and cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) was employed to enhance PMMA tribological properties. SiO<sub>2</sub> provided localized reinforcement, Br-Lignin established stable network structures, and CNCs improved compactness, enabling strong synergistic effects. As a result, the composites achieved up to 20% higher hardness, a 38% lower friction coefficient, and a 78% reduction in wear rate. Beyond performance metrics, this work advances prior PMMA reinforcement studies by (i) applying third-body flow theory and velocity accommodation mechanisms (VAM) to systematically interpret wear-track morphology and dynamic lubrication processes. These contributions highlight not only the effectiveness of multi-filler design in tailoring tribological behavior but also establish a tribology-driven framework for developing next-generation PMMA composites for durable protective casings and related high-wear applications.
KW  - Friction modifiers; antiwear additives; wear mechanisms; polymers

DO  - 10.32604/jpm.2025.072263