TY  - EJOU
AU  - He, Yuzhen 
AU  - Qu, Zhiguo 
AU  - Sun, Le 

TI  - Quantum Fuzzy Neural Networks: A Review of Foundations, Modeling Routes, and Open Problems
T2  - Journal of Quantum Computing

PY  - 2026
VL  - 8
IS  - 1
SN  - 2579-0145

AB  - Quantum fuzzy neural networks (QFNNs) integrate fuzzy systems, neural networks, and quantum models, aiming to leverage their complementary strengths in handling uncertainty, parameter learning, and feature representation. However, a unified framework for effectively combining these three components remains lacking, and the existing literature reflects diverse and sometimes inconsistent modeling strategies. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the fundamental theories underlying QFNNs, including the core design principles and mathematical formulations, as well as the major categories of network architectures. Representative training strategies and typical application scenarios are also systematically examined. Furthermore, persistent issues in the current literature are discussed in detail. These include blurred conceptual boundaries between fuzzy and quantum components, the absence of standardized experimental benchmarks, and the fact that most reported results remain limited to simulated environments without physical validation. Overall, QFNNs are still at an early stage of development and should be regarded as a promising direction for hybrid intelligent modeling rather than an established paradigm.
KW  - Quantum fuzzy neural networks; fuzzy neural networks; quantum machine learning; hybrid quantum-classical models; uncertainty modeling

DO  - 10.32604/jqc.2026.083993