TY  - EJOU
AU  - Sumari,  
AU  - Murti, Mega 
AU  - Santoso, Aman 
AU  - Asrori, Muhammad Roy 

TI  - Sono-Transesterification of Kapok Seed Oil with CaO:BaO-(x:y)/Active Natural Zeolite Catalyst
T2  - Journal of Renewable Materials

PY  - 2022
VL  - 10
IS  - 12
SN  - 2164-6341

AB  - Kapok seed oil is an environmentally friendly biodiesel feedstock. The problem of the best catalyst for transesterification of Kapok seed oil still continues today. The research developed a base-heterogeneous catalyst with the
effect of ultrasonic waves during transesterification. So, the study aims: (1) to determine the type of natural zeolite
used, (2) to determine the characteristics of the synthesized CaO:BaO/ANZ catalyst, and (3) to determine the
effectiveness of the CaO:BaO/ANZ catalyst in the biodiesel production process through sono-transesterification
of kapok seed oil. The research stages consisted of: (1) activation of natural zeolite and its characterization, (2)
preparation of CaO:BaO/ANZ catalyst, (3) characterization of CaO:BaO/ANZ catalyst, (4) esterification and utilization of catalyst in the transesterification, (5) analysis of transesterified products. The results showed that the
natural zeolite type from the southern area of Malang is mordenite (MOR) type. Then, after the natural zeolite
was impregnated, the obtained catalyst compositions were CaO:BaO-9:9/ANZ, CaO:BaO-14:9/ANZ, and CaO:
BaO-4:11/ANZ with a surface area of 129.7; 124.6; 128.5 m<sup>2</sup>
/g, and acidity of 1.037; 0.254; and 0.685 mmol/g,
respectively. The best catalyst for transesterification of kapok seed oil was CaO:BaO-9:9/ANZ, which resulted
in a biodiesel yield of 73.6% with a density of 889.6 kg/m<sup>3</sup> and kinematic viscosity of 2.987 cSt. The characteristics
of the produced biodiesel meet requirement of SNI 7182:2015.
KW  - Natural zeolite; heterogeneous catalyst; biodiesel; kapok seed oil; transesterification; ultrasonication

DO  - 10.32604/jrm.2022.022995