TY  - EJOU
AU  - Iswanto, Apri Heri 
AU  - Manurung, Harisyah 
AU  - Sohail, Asma 
AU  - Hua, Lee Seng 
AU  - Antov, Petar 
AU  - Nawawi, Deded Sarip 
AU  - Latifah, Sarah 
AU  - Kayla, Dewi Shafa 
AU  - Kusumah, Sukma Surya 
AU  - Lubis, Muhammad Adly Rahandi 
AU  - Osvaldová, Linda Makovická 
AU  - Hussin, Mohd. Hazwan 
AU  - Selvasembian, Rangabhashiyam 
AU  - Chen, Lum Wei 
AU  - Nurcahyani, Puji Rahmawati 
AU  - Kim, Nam Hun 
AU  - Fatriasari, Widya 

TI  - Thermo-Mechanical, Physico-Chemical, Morphological, and Fire Characteristics of Eco-Friendly Particleboard Manufactured with Phosphorylated Lignin Addition
T2  - Journal of Renewable Materials

PY  - 2024
VL  - 12
IS  - 7
SN  - 2164-6341

AB  - Lignin, lignosulfonate, and synthesized phosphorylated lignosulfonate were introduced as green fillers in citric acid-sucrose adhesives for bonding particleboard fabricated from areca leaf sheath (ALS). The characteristics of particleboards were compared to that of ultralow emitting formaldehyde (ULEF-UF). The fillers derived from <i>Eucalyptus spp</i>. kraft-lignin were added for flame retardancy enhancement. 10% of each lignin and modified lignin was added into the ULEF-UF and citric acid-sucrose bonded particleboards. Analyses applied to particleboards included thermal characteristics, X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), morphological properties, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), as well as physical, mechanical, and fire resistance characteristics of the laboratory-fabricated particleboards. Lignin and modified lignin resulted in improved thermal stability of the composites bonded with ULEF-UF while the improvement in the particleboard bonded with citric acid-sucrose was not significant. The introduction of filler exerted a higher influence on the UF-bonded particleboards compared to composites fabricated with citric acid-sucrose. Generally, the presence of lignin, lignosulfonate, and phosphorylated lignosulfonate enhanced the mechanical strength of the ULEF-bonded particleboards, although their dimensional stability has deteriorated. Markedly, the use of lignin and lignosulfonate enhanced the fire resistance of the particleboards produced with lower observed weight loss. All laboratory particleboards exhibited satisfactory fire resistance, attaining a V-0 rating in according to the UL-94 standard.
KW  - Modified lignin; eco-friendly particleboard; fire and thermal properties; citric acid-sucrose; ultralow-emitting urea-formaldehyde resin

DO  - 10.32604/jrm.2024.052172