TY  - EJOU
AU  - Ardhyananta, Hosta 
AU  - Widyastuti,  
AU  - Anityasari, Maria 
AU  - Wicaksono, Sigit Tri 
AU  - Pratiwi, Vania Mitha 
AU  - Fajarin, Rindang 
AU  - Zulfa, Liyana Labiba 
AU  - Sari, Komang Nickita 
AU  - Safrida, Ninik 
AU  - Hamdi, Haris Al 

TI  - Catalytic Cracking of Crude Palm Oil-Based Biorefinery to Biogasoline over γ-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>: Study of Physico-Chemical Properties and Life Cycle Assessment
T2  - Journal of Renewable Materials

PY  - 2025
VL  - 13
IS  - 10
SN  - 2164-6341

AB  - The total replacement of old fossil fuels poses obstacles, making the production of efficient biogasoline vital. Despite its potential as an environmentally friendly fossil fuel substitute, the life cycle assessment (LCA) of palm oil-derived biogasoline remains underexplored. This study investigated the production of biogasoline from crude palm oil (CPO) based biorefinery using catalytic cracking over mesoporous γ-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> catalyst and LCA analysis. High selectivity of converting CPO into biogasoline was achieved by optimizing catalytic cracking parameters, including catalyst dose, temperature, and contact time. γ-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and CPO were characterized by several methods to study the physical and chemical properties. The physical properties of biogasoline, such as density, calorific value, viscosity, and flash point, were investigated. An overall yield of 60.11% was achieved after catalytic cracking produced several C5-C11 short-chain hydrocarbons. Additionally, this research proposes innovative emission reduction strategies, including waste-to-biogasoline conversion and the use of biodegradable feedstocks that enhance the sustainability of biogasoline production. LCA of γ-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>’s energy and environmental implications reveals minor effects on global warming (0.0068%) and freshwater ecotoxicity (0.187%). LCAs show a 0.085% impact in the energy sector. This focus on both ecological impacts and practical mitigation strategies deepens the understanding of biogasoline production.
KW  - Catalytic cracking; crude palm oil; biogasoline; γ-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>; life cycle assessment

DO  - 10.32604/jrm.2025.02025-0018