@Article{jrm.2024.057476,
AUTHOR = {Mahdi Mubarok, Pirda Maharani Nafisah, Adi Santoso, Saefudin, Efrida Basri, Yusuf Sudo Hadi, Adik Bahanawan, Rohmah Pari, Imam Busyra Abdillah, Jingjing Liao, Dede Hermawan, Trisna Priadi, Philippe Gérardin, Wayan Darmawan},
TITLE = {Physical and Mechanical Properties of Gmelina Wood (<i>Gmelina arborea</i> Roxb.) Modified with Furfuryl Alcohol-Tannin},
JOURNAL = {Journal of Renewable Materials},
VOLUME = {13},
YEAR = {2025},
NUMBER = {4},
PAGES = {731--752},
URL = {http://www.techscience.com/jrm/v13n4/60631},
ISSN = {2164-6341},
ABSTRACT = {Furfurylation, a renowned chemical modification technique, uses furfuryl alcohol to enhance the properties of wood. This technology can be further refined by incorporating renewable tannins, which promote cross-linking with furfuryl alcohol. This study investigates the effects of furfurylation and tannin-modified furfurylation on the physical and mechanical properties of tropical Gmelina wood (<i>Gmelina arborea</i> Roxb.). Experiments involved impregnating Gmelina wood with aqueous solutions of furfuryl alcohol (FA) at 40% and 70% concentrations, as well as FA-tannin combinations (FA 40%-TA and FA 70%-TA), followed by polymerization at 103°C. The results demonstrated that both FA and FA-tannin treatments significantly improved the wood’s physical and mechanical properties. Notably, FA-tannin treatments achieved anti-swelling efficiency comparable to FA alone. However, the addition of tannins (FA 70%-TA) enhanced leaching resistance by up to 47%, contributing to a more environmentally sustainable modification process. Mechanically, the inclusion of tannins in FA 70%-TA slightly increased the modulus of elasticity (14%~8732 kg/cm<sup>2</sup>) and the modulus of rupture (9%~40.9 kg/cm<sup>2</sup>). Furthermore, the tannin addition imparted a darker color to the modified wood, enhancing its aesthetic appeal. This study highlights the potential of tannin-modified furfurylation to advance wood modification technology, combining improved performance with environmental benefits.},
DOI = {10.32604/jrm.2024.057476}
}