TY  - EJOU
AU  - Mubarok, Mahdi 
AU  - Nafisah, Pirda Maharani 
AU  - Santoso, Adi 
AU  - Saefudin, 
AU  - Basri, Efrida 
AU  - Hadi, Yusuf Sudo 
AU  - Bahanawan, Adik 
AU  - Pari, Rohmah 
AU  - Abdillah, Imam Busyra 
AU  - Liao, Jingjing 
AU  - Hermawan, Dede 
AU  - Priadi, Trisna 
AU  - Gérardin, Philippe 
AU  - Darmawan, Wayan 

TI  - Physical and Mechanical Properties of Gmelina Wood (<i>Gmelina arborea</i> Roxb.) Modified with Furfuryl Alcohol-Tannin
T2  - Journal of Renewable Materials

PY  - 2025
VL  - 13
IS  - 4
SN  - 2164-6341

AB  - Furfurylation, a renowned chemical modification technique, uses furfuryl alcohol to enhance the properties of wood. This technology can be further refined by incorporating renewable tannins, which promote cross-linking with furfuryl alcohol. This study investigates the effects of furfurylation and tannin-modified furfurylation on the physical and mechanical properties of tropical Gmelina wood (<i>Gmelina arborea</i> Roxb.). Experiments involved impregnating Gmelina wood with aqueous solutions of furfuryl alcohol (FA) at 40% and 70% concentrations, as well as FA-tannin combinations (FA 40%-TA and FA 70%-TA), followed by polymerization at 103°C. The results demonstrated that both FA and FA-tannin treatments significantly improved the wood’s physical and mechanical properties. Notably, FA-tannin treatments achieved anti-swelling efficiency comparable to FA alone. However, the addition of tannins (FA 70%-TA) enhanced leaching resistance by up to 47%, contributing to a more environmentally sustainable modification process. Mechanically, the inclusion of tannins in FA 70%-TA slightly increased the modulus of elasticity (14%~8732 kg/cm<sup>2</sup>) and the modulus of rupture (9%~40.9 kg/cm<sup>2</sup>). Furthermore, the tannin addition imparted a darker color to the modified wood, enhancing its aesthetic appeal. This study highlights the potential of tannin-modified furfurylation to advance wood modification technology, combining improved performance with environmental benefits.
KW  - Chemical modification; furfurylation; gmelina wood; physical-mechanical properties; tannin

DO  - 10.32604/jrm.2024.057476