TY  - EJOU
AU  - El-Sakhawy, Mohamed 
AU  - Abdel-Halim, Sally A. 
AU  - Tohamy, Hebat-Allah S. 
AU  - El-Masry, Hossam M. 
AU  - AbdelMohsen, Mona Mohamed 

TI  - Amphiphilic Carboxymethyl Cellulose Stearate for Pickering Emulsions and Antimicrobial Activity of <i>Chrysanthemum</i> Essential Oil
T2  - Journal of Renewable Materials

PY  - 2025
VL  - 13
IS  - 5
SN  - 2164-6341

AB  - This study prepared and characterized amphiphilic carboxymethyl cellulose stearate (CMCS) recycled from sugarcane bagasse agro-waste (SB). The Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) analysis confirmed cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), and CMCS structures, with CMCS showing increased H-bonding. X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) revealed reduced crystallinity in CMC and CMCS. CMCS exhibited a hydrophobic nature but dispersed in water, enabling nanoemulsion formation. Optimal nanoemulsion was achieved with CMCS1, showing a particle size of 99 nm. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images revealed CMC’s honeycomb structure, transforming into spherical particles in CMCS1. Antimicrobial tests demonstrated strong activity of CMCS formulations against <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, with CMCS3 exhibiting the highest efficacy. These findings highlight the potential of CMCS-based nanoemulsions for antimicrobial applications and nanoemulsification.
KW  - Carboxymethyl amphiphilic cellulose; carboxymethyl cellulose-stearate; chrysanthemum essential oil; nano-emulsification; pickering emulsion

DO  - 10.32604/jrm.2025.02024-0024