@Article{jrm.2025.02024-0073,
AUTHOR = {Zhenzhou Wang, Rui Luo, Wenqing Yang, Seng Hua Lee, Wei Chen Lum, Longjiang Liu, Xiaojian Zhou, Jun Zhang},
TITLE = {Development of Flame Retardant Composite Based on Glucose-Citric Acid-Based Resin Reinforced by Walnut Shell Powder},
JOURNAL = {Journal of Renewable Materials},
VOLUME = {13},
YEAR = {2025},
NUMBER = {6},
PAGES = {1229--1249},
URL = {http://www.techscience.com/jrm/v13n6/62395},
ISSN = {2164-6341},
ABSTRACT = {Highly flame-retardant bio-based composites were prepared in this study. Firstly, glucose-citric acid (GC) resin was synthesized through the interaction of glucose and citric acid derived from agricultural and forestry sources. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) served as a toughening agent, whereas walnut shell powder (WSP) functioned as a filler in the formulation of a thermosetting bio-based GC-PVA-WSP (GCPW) composite with GC resin. The findings demonstrated that boric acid increased the limited oxygen index (LOI) value of GCPW to 33%, while simultaneously diminishing its total smoke production (TSP) by 99.9%, and achieving a flame retardant index (FRI) of 5.04. In addition, the incorporation of WSP enhanced the compressive strength of the GCPW composite to 9.15 MPa. Concurrently, the GCPW composite demonstrates excellent hydrophobic properties, with a thermal conductivity as low as 0.086 W/m·K.},
DOI = {10.32604/jrm.2025.02024-0073}
}