TY  - EJOU
AU  - Wang, Zhenzhou 
AU  - Luo, Rui 
AU  - Yang, Wenqing 
AU  - Lee, Seng Hua 
AU  - Lum, Wei Chen 
AU  - Liu, Longjiang 
AU  - Zhou, Xiaojian 
AU  - Zhang, Jun 

TI  - Development of Flame Retardant Composite Based on Glucose-Citric Acid-Based Resin Reinforced by Walnut Shell Powder
T2  - Journal of Renewable Materials

PY  - 2025
VL  - 13
IS  - 6
SN  - 2164-6341

AB  - Highly flame-retardant bio-based composites were prepared in this study. Firstly, glucose-citric acid (GC) resin was synthesized through the interaction of glucose and citric acid derived from agricultural and forestry sources. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) served as a toughening agent, whereas walnut shell powder (WSP) functioned as a filler in the formulation of a thermosetting bio-based GC-PVA-WSP (GCPW) composite with GC resin. The findings demonstrated that boric acid increased the limited oxygen index (LOI) value of GCPW to 33%, while simultaneously diminishing its total smoke production (TSP) by 99.9%, and achieving a flame retardant index (FRI) of 5.04. In addition, the incorporation of WSP enhanced the compressive strength of the GCPW composite to 9.15 MPa. Concurrently, the GCPW composite demonstrates excellent hydrophobic properties, with a thermal conductivity as low as 0.086 W/m·K.
KW  - Glucose; citric acid; walnut shell powder; flame retardant; bio-based composite

DO  - 10.32604/jrm.2025.02024-0073