TY  - EJOU
AU  - Farissi, Hammadi El 
AU  - Choukoud, Anass 
AU  - Manoun, Bouchaib 
AU  - Massaoudi, Mohamed El 
AU  - Talhaoui, Abdelmonaem 

TI  - Impact of Pyrolysis Parameters on Biochar and Activated Carbon Properties from <i>Cistus ladaniferus</i> for Environmental Applications
T2  - Journal of Renewable Materials

PY  - 2025
VL  - 13
IS  - 6
SN  - 2164-6341

AB  - In light of the growing urgency to address environmental degradation and improve carbon sequestration strategies, this study rigorously investigates the potential of <i>Cistus ladaniferus</i> as a viable feedstock for biochar and activated carbon production. The influence of pyrolysis temperature, heating rate and particle size on biochar yield was systematically examined. The results demonstrate that increasing pyrolysis temperature and heating rate significantly reduces biochar yield, while particle size plays a crucial role in thermal degradation and biochar retention. To evaluate the structural and chemical properties of the materials, various characterization techniques were employed, including Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDXA). FTIR identified key functional groups, while SEM and EDXA provided valuable insights into the morphology and elemental composition of the materials. Activated carbons exhibited enhanced porosity and carbon content compared to their biochar counterparts, achieving specific surface areas of up to 1210 m<sup>2</sup> g<sup>−1</sup> for acid-activated shells (AC-Sha). The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method confirmed the mesoporous characteristics of these materials, with AC-Sa displaying a surface area of 678.74 m<sup>2</sup> g<sup>−1</sup> and an average pore size of 2.73 nm. Elemental analysis revealed that activated carbons possessed a higher carbon content (96.40 wt.% for AC-Sha) and lower oxygen content (2.37 wt.%), highlighting their suitability for applications in adsorption and catalysis. These findings underscore the significant impact of activation processes on the stability and adsorption capabilities of Cistus-derived biochars and activated carbons, paving the way for future research and practical applications in pollution control, carbon sequestration, and bioenergy.
KW  - Biomass conversion; thermal process; heating rate; shells; seeds; BET; adsorption; eco-friendly

DO  - 10.32604/jrm.2025.02025-0004