TY  - EJOU
AU  - Prasetiawan, Haniif 
AU  - Fardhyanti, Dewi Selvia 
AU  - Hadiyanto, 
AU  - Fatriasari, Widya 

TI  - Comparative Study on the Phenolic Compound Extraction in the Biorefinery Upgrading Process of Multi-Feedstock Biomass Waste Based Bio-Oil
T2  - Journal of Renewable Materials

PY  - 2025
VL  - 13
IS  - 7
SN  - 2164-6341

AB  - Bio-oil is a renewable fuel that can be obtained from biomass waste, such as empty palm fruit bunches, sugarcane bagasse, and rice husks. Within a biorefinery framework, bio-oil had not met the standards as a fuel due to the presence of impurities like corrosive phenol. Therefore, the separation of phenol from bio-oil is essential and can be achieved using the extraction method. In this study, biomass wastes (empty fruit bunches of oil palm, sugarcane bagasse, and rice husk) were pyrolyzed in a biorefinery framework to produce bio-oil, which was then refined through liquid-liquid extraction with a methanol-chloroform and ethyl acetate solvents to remove its phenolic compound. The extraction with methanol-chloroform solvent was carried out for 1 h at 50°C. Meanwhile, extraction with ethyl acetate solvent was carried out for 3 h at 70°C. Both extractions used the same variations, i.e., bio-oil: solvent ratio at 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, and 1:4, and stirring speeds of 150 rpm, 200 rpm, 250 rpm, and 300 rpm. The bio-oil obtained from this study contained complex chemical compounds and had characteristics such as a pH of 5, a density of 1.116 g/mL, and a viscosity of 29.57 cSt. The optimization results using response surface methodology (RSM) showed that the best yield for methanol-chloroform was 72.98% at a stirring speed of 250 rpm and a ratio of 1:3. As for ethyl acetate solvent, the highest yield obtained was 71.78% at a stirring speed of 237.145 rpm and a ratio of 1:2.
KW  - Bio-oil; liquid-liquid extraction; phenol; methanol-chloroform; ethyl acetate

DO  - 10.32604/jrm.2025.02024-0070