TY  - EJOU
AU  - Aulia, Muhammad Ilham 
AU  - Syahfitri, Alifah 
AU  - Abdillah, Imam Busyra 
AU  - Syukur, Abdus 
AU  - Hermawan, Dede 
AU  - Sari, Rita Kartika 
AU  - Mubarok, Mahdi 
AU  - Lubis, Muhammad Adly Rahandi 
AU  - Kusumah, Sukma Surya 
AU  - Augustina, Sarah 
AU  - Sutiawan, Jajang 

TI  - Citric Acid as an Alternative Adhesive: Optimisation of Concentrations on Characteristics of Jabon Plywood
T2  - Journal of Renewable Materials

PY  - 2026
VL  - 14
IS  - 4
SN  - 2164-6341

AB  - Citric acid adhesive is an alternative to formaldehyde-based adhesives that are more environmentally friendly because they are non-toxic and made from natural ingredients. This study aims to determine the effect of variations in citric acid adhesive concentrations on the physical and mechanical properties of jabon plywood. This study used citric acid adhesive with variations in citric acid (CA) concentrations of 59%, 69%, and 79%. Physical property tests include density, moisture content (MC), water absorption (WA), thickness expansion (TS), and delamination, while mechanical tests include modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE), and shear stress (TSS). The results showed that variations in adhesive concentration did not have a statistically significant effect on the physical and mechanical properties of jabon plywood. However, at CA, 59% had the highest density, and MC, the highest WA was recorded at CA 79%, while the highest TS was at CA 59%, but in this study, no delamination occurred. The highest MOE test result was at a CA concentration of 59%, the highest MOR value was at a CA 79%, and the highest TSS value was at a CA 69%. CA, with a concentration of 69%, is the optimal CA adhesive based on the strength of mechanical properties and water resistance.
KW  - Citric acid adhesives; jabon plywood; adhesive concentration; water resistance

DO  - 10.32604/jrm.2025.02025-0160