@Article{JRM.2013.634137,
AUTHOR = {M.C. Basso, S. Giovando, A. Pizzi, M.C. Lagel, A. Celzard},
TITLE = {Alkaline Tannin Rigid Foams},
JOURNAL = {Journal of Renewable Materials},
VOLUME = {2},
YEAR = {2014},
NUMBER = {3},
PAGES = {182--185},
URL = {http://www.techscience.com/jrm/v2n3/49633},
ISSN = {2164-6341},
ABSTRACT = {Condensed fl avonoid tannin foams were obtained under alkaline conditions. This entailed the elimination 
of furfuryl alcohol from these formulations, as under alkaline conditions, foam preparation could not rely 
on the heat generated by the self-condensation of furfuryl alcohol, which occurs only under strongly acidic 
conditions. The approach used to formulate the alkaline foam was: (i) the total elimination of furfuryl alcohol 
from the formulation, (ii) coupled with the use of an aldehyde hardener different from formaldehyde (for 
environmental reasons) and (iii) the application of moderate heat to allow foaming. These were not tannin/
furanic foams as their acid-curing counterparts, but tannin only foams. The open cell foams were evaluated for 
bulk density, compressive strength, thermal conductivity and fi re resistance. Their characteristics were similar 
to the acid-curing tannin/furanic foams.},
DOI = {10.7569/JRM.2013.634137}
}