TY  - EJOU
AU  - Barde, Mehul  
AU  - Celikbag, Yusuf  
AU  - Via, Brian  
AU  - Adhikari, Sushil  
AU  - Auad, Maria L.  

TI  - Semi-Interpenetrating Novolac-Epoxy Thermoset Polymer Networks Derived from Plant Biomass
T2  - Journal of Renewable Materials

PY  - 2018
VL  - 6
IS  - 7
SN  - 2164-6341

AB  - Bio-based phenol-formaldehyde polymer (BioNovolac) was developed by reacting molar excess of bio-oil/phenol with formaldehyde in acidic medium. Glycidyl 3,5-diglycidoxybenzoate (GDGB), was prepared by direct glycidylation of α-resorcylic acid (RA), a naturally occurring phenolic monomer. GDGB was crosslinked in the presence of BioNovolac by anionic polymerization. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed the formation of semi-interpenetrating polymer networks. The glass transition temperature and moduli of bio-based crosslinked systems were observed to increase with increasing GDGB content. Active chain density and mass retention measured by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and Soxhlet extraction, respectively, indicated a high crosslink density of the cured networks. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images depicted the homogeneity of the bulk phase. The preparation of bio-based epoxy-novolac thermoset network resulted in reduced consumption of petroleum-based chemicals.
KW  - Fast pyrolysis
KW  -  bio-oil
KW  -  BioNovolac
KW  -  semi-interpenetrating polymer networks

DO  - 10.32604/JRM.2018.00116