TY  - EJOU
AU  - Torre, Attilio Della 
AU  - Filardo, Andrea 
AU  - Coscarella, Isabella 
AU  - Bria, Jessica 
AU  - Vito, Anna Di 
AU  - Chiarella, Emanuela 
AU  - Giovinazzo, Adele 
AU  - Procopio, Emanuela 
AU  - Egiziano, Mariateresa 
AU  - Cassano, Riccardo 
AU  - Torre, Domenico La 
AU  - Lavano, Angelo 

TI  - The Emerging Role of microRNAs in Glioblastoma: From Liquid Biopsy to Nanotechnological Targeted Therapies
T2  - Oncology Research

PY  - 
VL  - 
IS  - 
SN  - 1555-3906

AB  - Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most frequent and aggressive primary brain tumor, characterized by a highly dismal prognosis and significant clinical challenges. Currently, assessing treatment success and monitoring tumor response relies heavily on neuroimaging. However, treatment modalities can temporarily alter imaging properties, leading to phenomena such as pseudoprogression, which confounds accurate disease evaluation. Furthermore, traditional tissue biopsies carry non-negligible neurological risks and are highly impractical for the longitudinal monitoring required to appreciate clonal evolution, identify acquired therapeutic resistance, or distinguish true recurrence. Consequently, there is an urgent clinical need for reliable, non-invasive diagnostic strategies. microRNAs (miRNAs), small non-coding post-transcriptional regulators, are critical biological modulators in GBM. Dysregulation between oncogenic and tumor suppressor miRNA networks drives tumor pathogenesis, angiogenesis, and, in particular, the maintenance of glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs), which fuel chemoresistance. Therefore, the primary aim of this review is to comprehensively evaluate the dual clinical utility of miRNAs in glioblastoma, examining their role as circulating liquid biopsy biomarkers for diagnosis, longitudinal disease monitoring, and differentiation of pseudoprogression from true recurrence, as well as their therapeutic potential through miRNA-based interventions. Finally, we explore future perspectives by discussing how miRNA-targeted approaches could be synergistically integrated with cutting-edge multimodal therapies, such as CAR-T cells and emerging senolytic agents, to reprogram the immunosuppressive microenvironment and eradicate therapy-resistant GSCs.
KW  - Glioblastoma; microRNA; liquid biopsy; biomarkers; glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs); targeted therapy; nanoparticles; pseudoprogression

DO  - 10.32604/or.2026.084511