@Article{096504015X14452563486093,
AUTHOR = {Anqi Yin, Chengguo Wang, Jiachen Sun, Jianjun Gao, Liang Tao, Xilin Du, Huadong Zhao, Jiandong Yang, Yan Li},
TITLE = {Overexpression of NDRG2 Increases Iodine Uptake and Inhibits Thyroid  Carcinoma Cell Growth In Situ and In Vivo},
JOURNAL = {Oncology Research},
VOLUME = {23},
YEAR = {2015},
NUMBER = {1-2},
PAGES = {43--51},
URL = {http://www.techscience.com/or/v23n1-2/57569},
ISSN = {1555-3906},
ABSTRACT = {Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is an uncommon and highly aggressive tumor of the neuroendocrine system, which derives from the neuroendocrine C cells of the thyroid gland. Except for surgical resection, there are 
not very many effective systemic treatment options for MTC. N-Myc downstream-regulated gene 2 (<i>NDRG2</i>) 
had a significantly lower expression in MTC compared with normal thyroid tissue. However, the function 
of <i>NDRG2</i> in MTC oncogenesis is largely unknown. In this study, we found that overexpression of <i>NDRG2</i>
inhibited the proliferation of TT cells (human medullary thyroid carcinoma cells) in vitro and suppressed the 
development of MTC in a nude mouse xenograft model. Further analysis revealed that NDRG2 arrested the cell 
cycle G<sub>0</sub>
/G<sub>1</sub> phase progression and induced TT cell apoptosis. Moreover, NDRG2 overexpression may mediate 
the antiproliferative effect by reducing cyclin D1 and cyclin E protein levels. We also found aberrant <i>NDRG2</i>-
mitigated TT cell migration and invasion in vitro. Sodium/iodide symporter (NIS) mediates active I− transport 
into the thyroid follicular cells, and radionuclide treatment is a promising therapy for MTC. Our current data 
revealed that NDRG2 overexpression enhanced NIS level in TT cells and increased their iodine uptake in vitro. 
Furthermore, <sup>99m</sup>TcO<sub>4</sub><sup>−</sup> radionuclide imaging of the xenograft tumors indicated that NDRG2 could promote 
NIS-mediated radionuclide transport. In conclusion, the present study suggested that <i>NDRG2</i> is a critical molecule in the regulation of MTC biological behavior and a potential promoter in radioactive iodine therapy.},
DOI = {10.3727/096504015X14452563486093}
}