@Article{096504017X14841698396865,
AUTHOR = {Xiaolin Miao, Yiqi Chen, Ke Hao, Meiqin Zheng, Bingyu Chen, Kaiqiang Li, Ying Wang, Wei Zhang, Yu Zhang, Xiaozhou Mou, Shanshan Jiang, Zhen Wang},
TITLE = {CD103<sup>+</sup> Cell Growth Factor Flt3L Enhances the Efficacy  of Immune Checkpoint Blockades in Murine Glioblastoma Model},
JOURNAL = {Oncology Research},
VOLUME = {26},
YEAR = {2018},
NUMBER = {2},
PAGES = {173--182},
URL = {http://www.techscience.com/or/v26n2/56628},
ISSN = {1555-3906},
ABSTRACT = {Glioblastoma is a lethal disease featuring a high proliferation of tumor cells, excessive angiogenesis, and heavy 
drug resistance. The overall survival of glioblastoma patients has been dismal, even with an intensive standard 
of care. Recent advances in immune checkpoint blockades are changing the treatment of cancers. However, 
the efficacy of immune checkpoint blockades in glioblastoma is still unclear. Here we investigated the roles 
of CD103<sup>+</sup>
 cells in regulating the effect of immune checkpoint blockades in glioblastoma mouse models. Our 
findings indicated that the murine glioblastoma model was not sensitive to immune checkpoint blockades. 
Flt3L, a growth factor for CD103<sup>+</sup>
 cells, could significantly increase the number of CD103<sup>+</sup>
 dendritic cells 
in the murine glioblastoma model and, thus, sensitize murine glioblastoma to immune checkpoint blockades. 
Downstream analysis indicated that the Flt3L and immune checkpoint blockade combination increased the 
number of tumor-infiltrating CD8<sup>+</sup>
 cells, decreased immune checkpoint expression, and therefore enhanced 
the antitumor immune response in the murine glioblastoma model. These findings suggested that Flt3L could 
enhance the efficacy of immune checkpoint blockades in glioblastoma via expanding CD103<sup>+</sup>
 dendritic cells 
and downstream antitumor immune response.},
DOI = {10.3727/096504017X14841698396865}
}