@Article{096504021X16161478258040,
AUTHOR = {Sarah A. Scuderi, Marika Lanza, Giovanna Casili, Francesca Esposito, Cristina Colarossi, Dario Giuffrida, Paterniti Irene, Salvatore Cuzzocrea,* Emanuela Esposito, Michela Campolo},
TITLE = {TBK1 Inhibitor Exerts Antiproliferative Effect  on Glioblastoma Multiforme Cells},
JOURNAL = {Oncology Research},
VOLUME = {28},
YEAR = {2020},
NUMBER = {7-8},
PAGES = {779--790},
URL = {http://www.techscience.com/or/v28n7-8/48467},
ISSN = {1555-3906},
ABSTRACT = {Glioma are common malignant brain tumors, among which glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) has the worst 
prognosis. Different studies of GBM revealed that targeting nuclear factor B (NF- B) induced an attenuation 
tumor proliferation and prolonged cell survival. TBK1 {TANK [TRAF (TNF (tumor-necrosis-factor) receptorassociated factor)-associated NF- B activator]-binding kinase 1} is a serine/threonine protein kinase, and it is 
a member of the I B kinase (IKK) family involved in NF- B pathway activation. The aim of this study was 
to investigate the potential effect of BX795, an inhibitor of TBK1, in an in vitro and ex vivo model of GBM. 
GBM cell lines (U87 and U138) and primary GBM cells were treated with different concentrations of BX795 
at different time points (24, 48, and 72h) to evaluate cell viability, autophagy, inflammation, and apoptosis. Our 
results demonstrated that BX795 10 µM was able to reduce cell viability, showing antiproliferative effect in 
U87, U138, and primary GBM cells. Moreover, treatment with BX795 10 µM increased the proapoptotic proteins Bax, p53, caspase 3, and caspase 9, whereas the antiapoptotic Bcl-2 expression was reduced. Additionally, 
our results showed a marked decrease in autophagy following BX795 treatment, reducing Atg 7, Atg 5/12, 
and AKT expression. The anti-inflammatory effect of BX795 was demonstrated by a significantly reduction 
in NIK, IKK , and TNF- expression, accompanied by a downregulation of angiogenesis. Furthermore, in 
primary GBM cell, BX795 10 µM was able to reduce TBK1 pathway activation and SOX3 expression. In conclusion, these findings showed that TBK1 is involved in GBM proliferation, demonstrating that the inhibitor 
BX795, thanks to its abilities, could improve therapeutic strategies for GBM treatment.},
DOI = {10.3727/096504021X16161478258040}
}