@Article{or.2024.045769,
AUTHOR = {ZHEN LIU, LIANGWANG YANG, ZHENGXING XIE, HUI YU, TIANYI GU, DAOMING SHI, NING CAI, SHENGHUA ZHUO},
TITLE = {Multi-cohort comprehensive analysis unveiling the clinical value and therapeutic effect of <i>GNAL</i> in glioma},
JOURNAL = {Oncology Research},
VOLUME = {32},
YEAR = {2024},
NUMBER = {5},
PAGES = {965--981},
URL = {http://www.techscience.com/or/v32n5/56248},
ISSN = {1555-3906},
ABSTRACT = {Clinical data indicates that glioma patients have poor treatment outcomes and clinical prognosis. The role of olfactory signaling pathway-related genes (OSPRGs) in glioma has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role and relationship between OSPRGs and glioma. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to assess the relationship between OSPRGs and the overall survival of glioma based on public cohorts, and the target gene (G Protein Subunit Alpha L, <i>GNAL</i>) was screened. The association of <i>GNAL</i> expression with clinicopathological characteristics, gene mutation landscape, tumor immune microenvironment (TIME), deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) methylation, and naris-occlusion controlled genes (NOCGs) was performed. Immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate GNAL level in glioma. Further analysis was conducted to evaluate the drug sensitivity, immunotherapy response, and functional enrichment of <i>GNAL</i>. <i>GNAL</i> was an independent prognostic factor, and patients with low <i>GNAL</i> expression have a poor prognosis. Expression of <i>GNAL</i> was closely associated with clinicopathological characteristics, DNA methylation, and several immune-related pathways. Immune infiltration analysis indicated that <i>GNAL</i> levels were negatively correlated with immune scores. <i>GNAL</i> low-expression group showed efficacy with anti-PD-1 therapy. Ten compounds with significantly different half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values between the <i>GNAL</i> high and low-expression groups were identified. Furthermore, its expression was associated with several immune cells, immune-related genes, and NOCGs. The expression of <i>GNAL</i> is closely associated with clinicopathological characteristics, TIME, and the response to therapeutic interventions, highlighting its potential as a prognostic biomarker for glioma.},
DOI = {10.32604/or.2024.045769}
}