TY  - EJOU
AU  - Nazim, Muhammad 
AU  - Ghafoor, Abdul 
AU  - Hussain, Abida 
AU  - Tabassum, Mehwish 
AU  - Nawaz, Aamir 
AU  - Ahmad, Muhammad 
AU  - Muhammad, Murad 
AU  - Ali, Muqarrab 

TI  - Biochar as a Climate-Smart Agricultural Practice: Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Promoting Sustainable Farming
T2  - Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany

PY  - 
VL  - 
IS  - 
SN  - 1851-5657

AB  - In recent years, the world has faced rising global temperatures, accumulative pollution, and energy crises, stimulating scientists worldwide to strive for eco-friendly and cost-effective solutions. Biochar has materialized as a
favorable tool for environmental remediation, indicating efficacy as an efficient sorbent substance for both
inorganic and organic pollutants in environmental field. These unique properties exclude improved surface
functionality, porous morphology, large specific surface area (SSA), cation exchange capacity (CEC), robust
adsorption capabilities, environmental stability, and embedded micronutrients. Biochar exhibited potential
characteristics for environmental oversight, greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction, and soil fertility improvement. This review explores the impact of fundamental factors such as retention time, pyrolysis temperature, gas
flow rate, and reactor design on biochar yield and properties. Collected data revealed the various applications of
biochar, ranging from waste management and construction materials to the adsorptive removal of hydrocarbon
lubricants from aqueous media, contaminant immobilization, and carbon sequestration. It has played mostly a
significant share in climate change mitigation and an important role in soil amendments. Biochar improves soil
improvement by increasing water retention (10%–30%), carbon sequestration, soil surface functionality, and
providing high surface area with chemical stability. The assessment also reports the prospects and contests
associated with biochar application uses in various agriculture cropping ecosystems. Inclusive, this review
highlights the multifaceted characteristics of biochar as an adjustable on top of a sustainable solution addressing
greenhouse gas emission, carbon sequestration, and environmental stresses. However, further research is needed
to understand its long-term impacts and optimal applications fully.
KW  - Agro-ecology; biochar; carbon storage; greenhouse gas reduction; sustainable agriculture

DO  - 10.32604/phyton.2024.058970