TY  - EJOU
AU  - Mokarroma, Nadira 
AU  - Ahmed, Imrul Mosaddek 
AU  - Uddin, Md. Romij 
AU  - Khan, Md. Shihab Uddine 
AU  - Alam, Zakaria 
AU  - Afridi, Nahid 
AU  - Ritu, Sadia Afroz 
AU  - Rohman, Md. Motiar 
AU  - Biswas, Suman 
AU  - Ahsan, Abul Fazal Mohammad Shamim 
AU  - Mustakim, A. A. M. Mohammad 
AU  - Znazen, Hela 
AU  - Gaber, Ahmed 
AU  - Hossain, Akbar 

TI  - Exploring Qualitative and Quantitative Genetic Variations of Barley (<i>Hordeum vulgare</i> L.) Genotypes Grown under Heat Stress Conditions
T2  - Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany

PY  - 
VL  - 
IS  - 
SN  - 1851-5657

AB  - Heat stress is a major abiotic constraint limiting barley (<i>Hordeum vulgare</i> L.) productivity in regions experiencing rising temperatures. This study evaluated the genetic variability and morphophysiological as well as yield responses of 50 barley genotypes under control and heat-stressed conditions to identify superior lines for thermotolerance breeding. A completely randomized design (CRD) with replications was used, and data was collected for ten morpho-physiological and yield traits. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated highly significant (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.001) effects of genotype, treatment, and their interaction on most of the measured traits. Wide phenotypic variation was observed for grain yield (1.62–9.60 g plant<sup>−1</sup>) and thousand-grain weight (19.18–40.02 g). High genotypic and phenotypic coefficients of variation, heritability, and genetic advance for grain yield plant<sup>−1</sup>, total biomass accumulation plant<sup>−1</sup>, and leaf area plant<sup>−1</sup> indicated strong additive genetic control. Correlation and network analyses showed strong positive associations among plant height, total biomass accumulation plant<sup>−1</sup>, chlorophyll content, leaf area plant<sup>−1</sup>, thousand-grain weight, and grain yield plant<sup>−1</sup>. Heatmap clustering and the multi-trait genotype-ideotype distance index (MGIDI) identified BD7194, BD7188, BD8579, BD9681, and IBON14 as best heat-tolerant genotypes. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed variation primarily driven by grain yield plant<sup>−1</sup>, leaf area plant<sup>−1</sup>, and number grains spike<sup>−1</sup>. Overall, these findings demonstrate substantial genetic variation for heat tolerance and identify promising genotypes that can be used as valuable resources for developing climate-resilient barley cultivars suited to heating environments.
KW  - Barley; heat stress; genetic variability; multi-trait selection; yield stability; multivariate analysis

DO  - 10.32604/phyton.2026.086460