@Article{phyton.2020.07980,
AUTHOR = {Peng Jiao, Ruiqi Ma, Zhuo Qi, Zhenzhong Jiang, Siyan Liu, Jing Qu, Shuyan Guan, Yiyong Ma},
TITLE = {Optimization of Callus Induction Conditions from Immature Embryos in Maize and Plant Regeneration},
JOURNAL = {Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany},
VOLUME = {89},
YEAR = {2020},
NUMBER = {1},
PAGES = {121--130},
URL = {http://www.techscience.com/phyton/v89n1/38405},
ISSN = {1851-5657},
ABSTRACT = {This research uses the immature embryos of inbred maize lines 
(GSH9901, Hi01, Hi02, and Chang 7-2) as receptor materials to establish the callus 
induction system. These inbred lines provide the receptor materials for the genetic 
regeneration of maize and the verification of the genetic functions of maize. The 
factor experiment and orthogonal experiments were used to investigate the impacts 
of different genotypes, immature embryo size, shield orientation, 2, 4-D 
concentration, proline concentration, and folic acid concentration on the induction 
rate of embryogenic callus tissue. A sensitivity experiment testing glyphosate (Bar) 
and an antibiotic (Cefotaxime sodium) were also conducted. The results indicate 
that the immature embryos of inbred maize line GSH9901 were the most effective 
for callus tissue induction, and the immature embryos with a length of 1.6-2.0 mm 
produce the best result. The upward shield face is more successful for the 
formation of induced callus. Using orthogonal analysis, we found that the optimal 
combination for the induction system was A<sub>3</sub> (2,4-D concentration 0.25 mg mL<sup>-1</sup>
), 
B<sub>1</sub>C<sub>3</sub> (proline concentration 0.8 mg mL<sup>-1</sup>
), and D<sub>2</sub> (folate Concentration 0.5 mg 
mL<sup>-1</sup>) and the induction rate reached 84%. We found that cold storage at 4 °C for 1 
d is more conducive for the formation of embryogenic callus than the other 
treatments tested. The sensitivity experiment for callus tissue screening revealed 
the critical concentration of glyphosate to be 10 mg ml<sup>-1</sup>
, and the critical 
concentration of antibiotic is 250 mg ml<sup>-1</sup>
. Using this combination of glyphosate 
and antibiotic resulted in regenerated plants. This study established the optimal 
conditions for immature embryo callus tissue induction in maize.},
DOI = {10.32604/phyton.2020.07980}
}