@Article{phyton.2024.052809,
AUTHOR = {Xianwen Ji, Ziying Jiang, Jichao Wang, Lili Dong, Xinyi Deng},
TITLE = {Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of the <i>GSK3</i> Gene Family in Sunflower under Various Abiotic Stresses},
JOURNAL = {Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany},
VOLUME = {93},
YEAR = {2024},
NUMBER = {8},
PAGES = {1839--1850},
URL = {http://www.techscience.com/phyton/v93n8/57770},
ISSN = {1851-5657},
ABSTRACT = {Genes in the glycogen synthase kinase 3 (<i>GSK3</i>) family are essential in regulating plant response to stressful conditions. This study employed bioinformatics to uncover the <i>GSK3</i> gene family from the sunflower genome database. The expressions of <i>GSK3</i> genes in different tissues and stress treatments, such as salt, drought, and cold, were assessed using transcriptome sequencing and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The study results revealed that the 12 <i>GSK3</i> genes of sunflower, belonging to four classes (Classes I–IV), contained the GSK3 kinase domain and 11–13 exons. The majority of <i>GSK3</i> genes were highly expressed in the leaf axil and flower, while their expression levels were relatively lower in the leaf. As a result of salt stress, six of the <i>GSK3</i> genes (<i>HaSK11</i>, <i>HaSK22</i>, <i>HaSK23</i>, <i>HaSK32</i>, <i>HaSK33</i>, and <i>HaSK41</i>) displayed a notable increase in expression, while HaSK14 and HaSK21 experienced a significant decrease. With regard to drought stress, five of the <i>GSK3</i> genes (<i>HaSK11</i>, <i>HaSK13</i>, <i>HaSK21</i>, <i>HaSK22</i>, and <i>HaSK33</i>) experienced a remarkable rise in expression. When exposed to cold stress, seven of the <i>GSK3</i> genes (<i>HaSK11</i>, <i>HaSK12</i>, <i>HaSK13</i>, <i>HaSK32</i>, <i>HaSK33</i>, <i>HaSK41</i>, and <i>HaSK42</i>) showed a substantial increase, whereas <i>HaSK21</i> and <i>HaSK23</i> had a sharp decline. This research is of great importance in understanding the abiotic resistance mechanism of sunflowers and developing new varieties with improved stress resistance.},
DOI = {10.32604/phyton.2024.052809}
}