TY  - EJOU
AU  - Koshovyi, Oleh 
AU  - Premarathna, Amal D. 
AU  - Tuvikene, Rando 
AU  - Jakštas, Valdas 
AU  - Žvikas, Vaidotas 
AU  - Hrytsyk, Yurii 
AU  - Grytsyk, Lyubov 
AU  - Grytsyk, Andriy 
AU  - Liira, Jaan 
AU  - Raal, Ain 

TI  - Phytochemical Composition and Pharmacological Effects of Extracts from <i>Gilia capitata</i> Sims
T2  - Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany

PY  - 2025
VL  - 94
IS  - 12
SN  - 1851-5657

AB  - <i>Gilia capitata</i> Sims (Polemoniaceae) is an annual herbaceous plant widely distributed in western North America and cultivated as an ornamental flower. The detailed chemical composition and pharmacological properties of this plant have not been previously reported. This study aimed to investigate the chemical composition and pharmacological activity of aqueous-ethanolic extracts derived from different plant parts (herb, flowers, stems, roots, and fruits). HPLC analysis identified 12 phenolic compounds and 16 amino acids in the aqueous-ethanolic extracts obtained from these plant parts. The biological effects of the extracts were evaluated <i>in vitro</i>, including cytotoxicity, anti-inflammatory response, and wound-healing potential. The anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by measuring their effect on NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 murine macrophages and HaCaT keratinocytes. Phagocytic activity was assessed using the neutral red uptake assay. HaCaT cell proliferation and migration were assessed to evaluate the wound-healing potential. Morphological changes in both cell lines were examined microscopically. Moreover, neurobehavioral effects were studied <i>in vivo</i>. The herb extracts significantly enhanced locomotor activity while preserving exploratory behaviour, suggesting a stimulating effect. <i>G. capitata</i> flower extracts caused a decrease in both locomotor and exploratory behaviour, demonstrating a moderate sedative effect. Fruit extracts significantly suppressed locomotor and exploratory activity, indicating a strong sedative effect. These findings indicated that <i>G. capitata</i> contains bioactive compounds with diverse pharmaceutical effects depending on the specific plant part and may have potential applications in medicine and pharmacology pending further research.
KW  - <i>Gilia capitata</i>; extract; phenolic compounds; amino acids; anti-inflammatory activity; neurological effects

DO  - 10.32604/phyton.2025.074153