TY  - EJOU
AU  - Aung, Hay Mon 
AU  - Naing, Aung Htay 
AU  - Kim, Chang Kil 
AU  - Park, Kyeung II 

TI  - Optimizing Silver Nanoparticle Concentrations to Improve the <i>In Vitro</i> Regeneration and Growth of <i>Phalaenopsis</i> Orchids
T2  - Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany

PY  - 2025
VL  - 94
IS  - 9
SN  - 1851-5657

AB  - <i>Phalaenopsis</i> orchids are economically important ornamental crops; however, their commercial micropropagation is often limited by poor rooting efficiency and inconsistent growth. In this study, we investigated the effects of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) on the <i>in vitro</i> regeneration and growth of <i>Phalaenopsis</i> cultivar 611B to determine the optimal concentration of Ag-NPs for improved micropropagation outcomes. Shoot tip explants (2–3 mm)—derived from protocorm-like bodies were cultured on a regeneration medium containing Hyponex (20:20:20 and 6.5:6.5:19), 18 g/L sugar, 2 g/L peptone, 0.8 g/L activated charcoal, 12.5 g/L potato extract, 50 mL/L apple juice, and 10 mg/L 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA), with varying concentrations of Ag-NPs (0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 2.5 mg/L). After 10–12 weeks, shoot and root formation, plant height, fresh weight, leaf number, and chlorophyll contents were evaluated. At 1.0 mg/L Ag-NPs, shoot regeneration (5.4 vs. 2.9 shoots per explant), root induction (2.1 vs. 1.4 roots per explant), and shoot formation frequency (100% vs. 55%) were significantly higher than the control (0 mg/L). Fresh weight (592.4 mg) and leaf number (9.7) also showed notable increases at this concentration. Although chlorophyll <i>a</i> and <i>b</i> levels peaked at 2.0 mg/L, the difference from 1.0 mg/L was not statistically significant. These results suggest that 1.0 mg/L Ag-NPs is the optimal concentration for enhancing shoot and root development and improving overall plantlet quality in <i>Phalaenopsis</i>. The findings highlight the potential of nanomaterials to improve the efficiency of orchid tissue culture systems.
KW  - Photosynthetic pigments; <i>in vitro</i> propagation; orchid; plant growth; silver nanoparticles

DO  - 10.32604/phyton.2025.068713