TY  - EJOU
AU  - Muhammad, Hafiza Muniba Din 
AU  - Naz, Safina 
AU  - Bibi, Zarina 
AU  - Ahmed, Mohamed A. A. 
AU  - Stanciu, Alina-Stefania 
AU  - Ahmad, Riaz 

TI  - Nanoparticles and Phytohormonal Synergy in Plants: Sustainable Agriculture Approach
T2  - Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany

PY  - 2025
VL  - 94
IS  - 9
SN  - 1851-5657

AB  - The production of crops is badly affected by climate change globally. Mitigation of adverse effects of climate change is in need of time through different management practices such as developing tolerant genetic resources, hormonal applications to boost defense systems, nanoparticles, and balanced fertilization. The nano-hormonal synergy had the potential to mitigate the adverse effects of climate change by modulation of morpho-physiological and biochemical activities. Plant growth, yield, and quality can be enhanced with the supplementation of nano-hormonal interactions. Therefore, the current study explores the synergy between nanoparticles and phytohormonal use. The nanoparticles, even in low concentrations, had an excellent capability to improve the endogenous hormones contributing to the regulation of plant responses under stress conditions. Nano-hormonal interaction improved the plant tolerance against climate change by activation of signaling molecules and the plant defense system. Nano-hormonal contact triggers several enzymic and non-enzymatic activities that can scavenge toxic substances generated within the plants. The reduction in electrolyte leakage, malondialdehyde (MDA), and hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) was due to the supplementation of nano-hormonal exchange. The optimum production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is necessary for normal plant growth and various developmental processes. However, the overproduction of ROS can be eliminated with nano-hormonal synergy. However, inappropriate applications can cause phytotoxicity such as germination inhibition, root malformation, and chlorosis. The optimum doses can vary depending on the kind of crop and stress conditions. The nano-hormonal interface is beneficial for crop growth, yield, and quality. Moreover, these are also effective in repairing plants damaged from adverse climatic conditions. Hence, these are effective for sustainable agriculture production.
KW  - Antioxidants; growth characters; metabolites; transcriptomics; yield

DO  - 10.32604/phyton.2025.069474