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  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    An Efficient Genetic Hybrid PAPR Technique for 5G Waveforms

    Arun Kumar1, Mahmoud A. Albreem2, Mohammed H. Alsharif3, Abu Jahid4, Peerapong Uthansakul5,*, Jamel Nebhen6

    CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.67, No.3, pp. 3283-3292, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.015470

    Abstract Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) is a strong contender multicarrier waveform technique for the fifth generation (5G) communication system. The high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) is a serious concern in designing the NOMA waveform. However, the arrangement of NOMA is different from the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing. Thus, traditional reduction methods cannot be applied to NOMA. A partial transmission sequence (PTS) is commonly utilized to minimize the PAPR of the transmitting NOMA symbol. The choice phase aspect in the PTS is the only non-linear optimization obstacle that creates a huge computational complication due to the respective non-carrying sub-blocks in the unitary… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Energy-Efficient Low-Complexity Algorithm in 5G Massive MIMO Systems

    Adeeb Salh1, Lukman Audah1,*, Qazwan Abdullah1, Nor Shahida M. Shah2, Shipun A. Hamzah1, Shahilah Nordin3, Nabil Farah2

    CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.67, No.3, pp. 3189-3214, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.014746

    Abstract Energy efficiency (EE) is a critical design when taking into account circuit power consumption (CPC) in fifth-generation cellular networks. These problems arise because of the increasing number of antennas in massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems, attributable to inter-cell interference for channel state information. Apart from that, a higher number of radio frequency (RF) chains at the base station and active users consume more power due to the processing activities in digital-to-analogue converters and power amplifiers. Therefore, antenna selection, user selection, optimal transmission power, and pilot reuse power are important aspects in improving energy efficiency in massive MIMO systems. This work… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Frequency-Agile WLAN Notch UWB Antenna for URLLC Applications

    Amir Haider1, MuhibUr Rahman2, Hamza Ahmad3, Mahdi NaghshvarianJahromi4, Muhammad Tabish Niaz1, Hyung Seok Kim1,*

    CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.67, No.2, pp. 2243-2254, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.015613

    Abstract This paper introduces a compact dual notched UWB antenna with an independently controllable WLAN notched band integrated with fixed WiMAX band-notch. The proposed antenna utilizes a slot resonator placed in the main radiator of the antenna for fixed WiMAX band notch, while an inverted L-shaped resonator in the partial ground plane for achieving frequency agility within WLAN notched band. The inverted L-shaped resonator is also loaded with fixed and variable capacitors to control and adjust the WLAN notch. The WLAN notched band can be controlled independently with a wide range of tunability without disturbing the WiMAX band-notch performance. Step by… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Multi-Gigabit CO-OFDM System over SMF and MMF Links for 5G URLLC Backhaul Network

    Amir Haider1, MuhibUr Rahman2, Tayyaba Khan3, Muhammad Tabish Niaz1, Hyung Seok Kim1,*

    CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.67, No.2, pp. 1747-1758, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.015611

    Abstract The 5G cellular network aims at providing three major services: Massive machine-type communication (mMTC), ultra-reliable low-latency communications (URLLC), and enhanced-mobile-broadband (eMBB). Among these services, the URLLC and eMBB require strict end-to-end latency of 1 ms while maintaining 99.999% reliability, and availability of extremely high data rates for the users, respectively. One of the critical challenges in meeting these requirements is to upgrade the existing optical fiber backhaul network interconnecting the base stations with a multigigabit capacity, low latency and very high reliability system. To address this issue, we have numerically analyzed 100 Gbit/s coherent optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (CO-OFDM)… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Green5G: Enhancing Capacity and Coverage in Device-to-Device Communication

    Abdul Rehman Javed1,*, Rabia Abid2, Bakhtawar Aslam2, Hafiza Ammara Khalid2, Mohammad Zubair Khan3, Omar H. Alhazmi3, Muhammad Rizwan2

    CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.67, No.2, pp. 1933-1950, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.015272

    Abstract With the popularity of green computing and the huge usage of networks, there is an acute need for expansion of the 5G network. 5G is used where energy efficiency is the highest priority, and it can play a pinnacle role in helping every industry to hit sustainability. While in the 5G network, conventional performance guides, such as network capacity and coverage are still major issues and need improvements. Device to Device communication (D2D) communication technology plays an important role to improve the capacity and coverage of 5G technology using different techniques. The issue of energy utilization in the IoT based… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Energy Efficient Ambience Awake Routing with OpenFlow Approach

    Hima Bindu Valiveti1,*, SNV Ganesh2, Budati Anil Kumar1, Dileep Kumar Yadav3

    CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.67, No.2, pp. 2049-2059, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.014690

    Abstract A major problem in networking has always been energy consumption. Battery life is one parameter which could help improve Energy Efficiency. Existing research on wireless networking stresses on reducing signaling messages or time required for data transfer for addressing energy consumption issues. Routing or Forwarding packets in a network between the network elements like routers, switches, wireless access points, etc., is complex in conventional networks. With the advent of Software Defined Networking (SDN) for 5G network architectures, the distributed networking has embarked onto centralized networking, wherein the SDN Controller is responsible for decision making. The controller pushes its decision onto… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Efficient Algorithms for Cache-Throughput Analysis in Cellular-D2D 5G Networks

    Nasreen Anjum1,*, Zhaohui Yang1, Imran Khan2, Mahreen Kiran3, Falin Wu4, Khaled Rabie5, Shikh Muhammad Bahaei1

    CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.67, No.2, pp. 1759-1780, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.014635

    Abstract In this paper, we propose a two-tiered segment-based Device-to-Device (S-D2D) caching approach to decrease the startup and playback delay experienced by Video-on-Demand (VoD) users in a cellular network. In the S-D2D caching approach cache space of each mobile device is divided into two cache-blocks. The first cache-block reserve for caching and delivering the beginning portion of the most popular video files and the second cache-block caches the latter portion of the requested video files ‘fully or partially’ depending on the users’ video watching behaviour and popularity of videos. In this approach before caching, video is divided and grouped in a… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Novel Universal Windowing Multicarrier Waveform for 5G Systems

    Ahmed Hammoodi1, Lukman Audah1,*, Montadar Abas Taher2, Mazin Abed Mohammed3, Mustafa S. Aljumaily4, Adeeb Salh1, Shipun A. Hamzah1

    CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.67, No.2, pp. 1523-1536, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.014041

    Abstract Fifth Generation (5G) systems aim to improve flexibility, coexistence and diverse service in several aspects to achieve the emerging applications requirements. Windowing and filtering of the traditional multicarrier waveforms are now considered common sense when designing more flexible waveforms. This paper proposed a Universal Windowing Multi-Carrier (UWMC) waveform design platform that is flexible, providing more easily coexists with different pulse shapes, and reduces the Out of Band Emissions (OOBE), which is generated by the traditional multicarrier methods that used in the previous generations of the mobile technology. The novel proposed approach is different from other approaches that have been proposed,… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    A Novel Broadband Antenna Design for 5G Applications

    Omar A. Saraereh*

    CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.67, No.1, pp. 1121-1136, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.015066

    Abstract Wireless communication is one of the rapidly-growing fields of the communication industry. This continuous growth motivates the antenna community to design new radiating structures to meet the needs of the market. The 5G wireless communication has received a lot of attention from both academia and industry and significant efforts have been made to improve different aspects, such as data rate, latency, mobility, reliability and QoS. Antenna design has received renewed attention in the last decade due to its potential applications in 5G, IoT, mmWave, and massive MIMO. This paper proposes a novel design of broadband antenna for 5G mmWave and… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Uplink SCMA Codebook Reuse Transmission and Reception Scheme

    Xiaohong Ji1, Junjun Du1, Guoqing Jia1,*, Weidong Fang2,3

    Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing, Vol.27, No.1, pp. 221-231, 2021, DOI:10.32604/iasc.2021.013145

    Abstract Sparse code multiple access (SCMA) is a new non-orthogonal multiple access scheme suitable for 5G communication, which can effectively improve spectrum efficiency and support massive connections. Multiple users in the SCMA system realize the sharing of the same time-frequency resources by mapping data into codewords of a special code book (Code Book, CB). A typical SCMA system increases the spectrum utilization to 150%. In order to further improve the system spectrum utilization and increase the number of user connections, this paper proposes an uplink SCMA codebook reuse transmission and reception scheme (CB-Reuse-SCMA), which reuse a codebook to multiple users. The… More >

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