Habib Hadj-Mabrouk^*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.84, No.3, pp. 4399-4430, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.067143 - 30 July 2025

Abstract A literature review on AI applications in the field of railway safety shows that the implemented approaches mainly concern the operational, maintenance, and feedback phases following railway incidents or accidents. These approaches exploit railway safety data once the transport system has received authorization for commissioning. However, railway standards and regulations require the development of a safety management system (SMS) from the specification and design phases of the railway system. This article proposes a new AI approach for analyzing and assessing safety from the specification and design phases of the railway system with a view to… More >

Luiz Felipe Souza Fonseca¹, Heitor do Nascimento Andrade¹, João Marcelo Fernandes Gualberto de Galiza², Raphael Abrahão¹, Hamid Boleydei³, Silvia Guillén-Lambea⁴, Monica Carvalho^1,*

Energy Engineering, Vol.122, No.8, pp. 3265-3283, 2025, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.066218 - 24 July 2025

Abstract The application of different coatings on solar photovoltaic (PV) panels can be an efficient solution to increase performance and further mitigate the emission of greenhouse gases. This study uses the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology and the environmental payback concept to analyze the effects of the application of a nano-silica coating on a solar PV system installed in the Brazilian Northeast. Firstly, an uncoated reference 16.4 MW PV system is designed, and the detailed inventory is presented (PV panels, supporting structure, inverters, junction boxes, cables, transportation, maintenance and operation—including the replacement of equipment). The results… More > Graphic Abstract

Qiang Xiong^*, Jianlong Zhang, Qianwen Song

Journal of Cyber Security, Vol.7, pp. 255-277, 2025, DOI:10.32604/jcs.2025.065625 - 14 July 2025

Abstract In the domain of information security outsourcing, the multi-stage game-theoretic decision-making process, intertwined with moral hazard and dynamic strategy adjustments, significantly impacts the long-term collaboration between the principal (outsourcing enterprise) and the contractor (Managed Security Service Provider—MSSP). This paper conducts a comprehensive analysis of these aspects within information security outsourcing partnerships. A multi-stage game model incorporating moral hazard is constructed to meticulously examine the strategic behaviors and expected revenue fluctuations of both parties across different cooperation stages. Through in-depth model derivation, the impacts of service fees, cooperation-stage progression, and long-term cooperation on expected revenues are… More >

Harsh Kumar¹, Shilpa Suman², Abhishek Rawat^2,*, Rajat Subhra Chatterjee³, Dheeraj Kumar⁴, B. S. Chaudhary⁵

Revue Internationale de Géomatique, Vol.34, pp. 351-362, 2025, DOI:10.32604/rig.2025.064031 - 30 June 2025

Abstract The unconsolidated soils of the Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP) contribute significantly to the amplification of seismic damage during earthquakes. Site-specific effects play a critical role in intensifying ground motion and shaping the spatial distribution of seismic hazards. This study aims to investigate the spatial variability of seismic hazards using geophysical and geological parameters such as lithology, shear wave velocity, soil texture, basement depth, and proximity to fault lines. Training data were derived from common hazard points identified in earthquake catalogues. Several machine learning (ML) models, including Logistic Regression (LR), K-Nearest Neighbors, Random Forest, and Decision Tree, More >

Alex Ximenes Naves¹, Gladys Maquera², Assed Haddad¹, Dieter Boer^3,*

Energy Engineering, Vol.122, No.7, pp. 2611-2636, 2025, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.061971 - 27 June 2025

Abstract The growing concern for energy efficiency and the increasing deployment of intermittent renewable energies has led to the development of technologies for capturing, storing, and discharging energy. Supercapacitors can be considered where batteries do not meet the requirements. However, supercapacitors in systems with a slower charge/discharge cycle, such as photovoltaic systems (PVS), present other obstacles that make replacing batteries more challenging. An extensive literature review unveils a knowledge gap regarding a methodological comparison of batteries and supercapacitors. In this study, we address the technological feasibility of intermittent renewable energy generation systems, focusing on storage solutions… More > Graphic Abstract

Abdullah A. Alharbi¹, Ahmad Y. Alqassim^1,*, Mohammad A. Jareebi¹, Ahmad A. Alharbi², Nada M. Makein¹, Fatimah H. Al Ghazwi³, Seba Y. Muzaiiadi³, Joud N. Refaei³, Revan A. Arishi³, Bashaer A. Al Rajhi³, Fatima A. Aqili³, Saleha M. Ayoub³, Mohammed A. Muaddi¹

International Journal of Mental Health Promotion, Vol.27, No.5, pp. 701-716, 2025, DOI:10.32604/ijmhp.2025.062924 - 05 June 2025

Abstract Background: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), a common endocrine disorder in reproductive-aged women, has substantial physical and psychological impacts. While the physical manifestations of PCOS are well established, the psychological burden, especially anxiety, is understudied in Saudi Arabia. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of generalized anxiety disorder among females with PCOS compared to those without PCOS, and to identify the clinical and sociodemographic factors associated with anxiety in the Jazan region of Saudi Arabia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted between January and March 2023 using an Arabic self-administered online questionnaire distributed via social… More >

Wencheng Wang^1,2,*, Baoxin Yin^1,2, Lei Li^2,*, Lun Li¹, Hongtao Liu¹

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.143, No.2, pp. 1595-1616, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2025.063595 - 30 May 2025

Abstract In low-light environments, captured images often exhibit issues such as insufficient clarity and detail loss, which significantly degrade the accuracy of subsequent target recognition tasks. To tackle these challenges, this study presents a novel low-light image enhancement algorithm that leverages virtual hazy image generation through dehazing models based on statistical analysis. The proposed algorithm initiates the enhancement process by transforming the low-light image into a virtual hazy image, followed by image segmentation using a quadtree method. To improve the accuracy and robustness of atmospheric light estimation, the algorithm incorporates a genetic algorithm to optimize the… More >

Rodolfo V. C. Ramalho¹, Vitoria B. Portilho¹, Davi E. S. Souza¹, Gilton C. A. Furtado¹, Natália M. Graças², Manoel J. S. Sena², Cláudio J. C. Blanco², André L. Amarante Mesquita^1,*

Energy Engineering, Vol.122, No.6, pp. 2197-2213, 2025, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.064196 - 29 May 2025

Abstract Despite significant Brazilian social programs to expand energy access, approximately one million people in rural Amazonia still lack electricity. Moreover, the existing rural electricity grid in the region is inadequate for supporting efficient small-scale production systems due to both the poor quality and high cost of supplied energy. In parallel, traditional wooden bridges in the Amazon have been progressively replaced by more durable concrete structures in recent years. In this context, this study explores the application of very low-head hydropower installations in the Amazon, focusing on integrating axial-flow turbines beneath small concrete bridges. The methodology… More > Graphic Abstract

He Su, Jianwei Gao, Kang Kong^*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.83, No.3, pp. 4193-4213, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.063355 - 19 May 2025

Abstract Accurate and robust navigation in complex surgical environments is crucial for bronchoscopic surgeries. This study purposes a bronchoscopic lumen feature matching network (BLFM-Net) based on deep learning to address the challenges of image noise, anatomical complexity, and the stringent real-time requirements. The BLFM-Net enhances bronchoscopic image processing by integrating several functional modules. The FFA-Net preprocessing module mitigates image fogging and improves visual clarity for subsequent processing. The feature extraction module derives multi-dimensional features, such as centroids, area, and shape descriptors, from dehazed images. The Faster R-CNN Object detection module detects bronchial regions of interest and… More >

Vidivelli Soundararajan^*, Manikandan Ramachandran^*, Srivatsan Vinodh Kumar

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.83, No.3, pp. 5259-5277, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.063059 - 19 May 2025

Abstract Many applications, including security systems, medical diagnostics, and human-computer interfaces, depend on eye gaze recognition. However, due to factors including individual variations, occlusions, and shifting illumination conditions, real-world scenarios continue to provide difficulties for accurate and consistent eye gaze recognition. This work is aimed at investigating the potential benefits of employing transfer learning to improve eye gaze detection ability and efficiency. Transfer learning is the process of fine-tuning pre-trained models on smaller, domain-specific datasets after they have been trained on larger datasets. We study several transfer learning algorithms and evaluate their effectiveness on eye gaze… More >